پیش‌بینی مصرف برق با استفاده از الگوریتم جدید بهینه‌سازی زغن و شبکه عصبی مصنوعی پرسپترون چند لایه

محورهای موضوعی : انرژی های تجدیدپذیر

جلال رئیسی گهرویی ¹ , زهرا بهشتی ²

1 - دانشکده مهندسی کامپیوتر- واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران
2 - مرکز تحقیقات کلان داده- واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/03/03 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/06/31 تاریخ انتشار : 1403/12/01

کلید واژه: الگوریتم‌های فراابتکاری, الگوریتم بهینه‌سازی زغن, پیش‌بینی مصرف برق, شبکه‌های عصبی پرسپترون چندلایه,

چکیده مقاله :

از آنجا که پیش بینی مصرف برق از موارد مهم مدیریت انرژی هر کشور محسوب می شود، در سال های اخیر روش های مختلفی براساس هوش مصنوعی برای آن ارائه شده است. یکی از این روش ها، استفاده از شبکه های عصبی مصنوعی است. برای آن که این شبکه ها عملکرد خوبی داشته باشند، باید به خوبی آموزش ببینند. یکی از متداول ترین الگوریتم های آموزش مورد استفاده در این شبکه ها، الگوریتم پس انتشار خطاست که براساس گرادیان نزولی است. از آنجا که الگوریتم های مبتنی برگرادیان نزولی ممکن است به نقاط بهینه محلی گرفتار شوند، در برخی از مسائل راه حل خوبی ارائه نمی دهند. از این رو برای آموزش این شبکه ها می توان از الگوریتم های بهینه سازی مانند الگوریتم های فراابتکاری که امکان فرار از بهینه های محلی را دارند، استفاده نمود. در این تحقیق، الگوریتم فراابتکاری جدیدی به نام الگوریتم بهینه سازی زغن معرفی می گردد که از زندگی اجتماعی زغن ها در طبیعت الهام گرفته شده است و دارای مزایایی مانند تعداد پارامترهای کم، قابلیت اکتشاف و سرعت همگرایی خوب، است. کارایی الگوریتم پیشنهادی، با چند الگوریتم جدید فراابتکاری روی توابع محک CEC2018 و برای آموزش شبکه عصبی در پیش بینی مصرف برق ایران در زمان های اوج مصرف بار، مقایسه گردیده است. نتایج حاصل، نشان می دهد الگوریتم پیشنهادی راه حل بهتری با خطای کمتری، در مقایسه با الگوریتم های رقیب به دست می آورد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Since the electricity consumption’s prediction is one of the most important aspects of energy manage­ment in each country, various methods based on artificial intelligence have been proposed to manage it. One of these methods is Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). To improve the performance of ANNs, an efficient algorithm is necessary to train it. Back Propagation (BP) algorithm is the most common algorithm employed in training ANNs, which is based on gradient descent. Since BP may fall in local optima, it cannot provide a good solution in some problems. To overcome this shortcoming, optimiz­ation algorithms like meta-heuristic algorithms can be applied to train ANNs. In this study, a new meta-heuristic algorithm called Red Kite Optimization Algorithm (ROA) is introduced, which is inspired by the social life of red kites in nature. The ROA has several advantages such as simplicity in structure and implementation, having few parameters and good convergence rate. The perfprmance of ROA is compared with some recent metaheuristic algorithms on benchmark functions of CEC2018. Also, it is employed to train Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) for the electricity consumption prediction at peak load times in Iran. The results show the good performance of proposed algorithm compared with competitor algorithms in terms of solution accuracy and convergence speed.

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