Analysis of Metaphor in Shahnameh: Aesthetic, Imagerial, Eloquent, and Linguistic Perspectives

الموضوعات : نشریه زبان و ترجمه

Roghayeh Karimzadeh Naghshineh ¹ , Lucie Ghazaryan ²

1 - English Department, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - English Department, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

تاريخ الإرسال : 01 الأربعاء , صفر, 1443 تاريخ التأكيد : 06 الخميس , ربيع الثاني, 1443 تاريخ الإصدار : 29 الجمعة , شعبان, 1443

الکلمات المفتاحية: personification, Dead metaphor, Extended metaphor, Implied metaphor, Standard metaphor,

ملخص المقالة :

Ferdowsi, the Iranian poet from Tus, uses the device of imagery to depict circumstances, moments, behaviors, physical beauties, and different aspects of nature and life, as they are. An epic undertone is detectable in most of these images. Accordingly, this paper aims at studying the different types of metaphors in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. Certain words and expressions such as the moon, cypress, daffodil, flower, lion, panther, dust something, split the heart in half, and boil is frequently used in their metaphorical meanings. Following their place in Shahnameh, others are used less frequently, for example, the ferocious zebra, the gigantic demon, hazelnut, red date, precious corals, and debt to wisdom. This paper explains the meanings of these words and expressions and the type of metaphors in each case to further shed light on Shahnameh from different standpoints including aesthetics, imagery, eloquence, and linguistics.

المصادر:

Dehkhoda, A. (1984). The Persian Dictionary (4 volumes). Dehkhoda Publications.

Dehkhoda, A. (2012). The Extensive Encyclopedia of Proverbs and Adages (2 volumes). Tehran University Publications.

Eslami Nadooshan, M., (2009). Signs and Sounds (6^th ed.). Ghatreh Publications.

Ferdowsi, A. (1965). Shahnameh (9 volumes). Moscow Publications.

Ferdowsi, A. (2008). Shahnameh (4^th ed., 2 volumes). Moscow Publications. Hermes Publications.

Ferdowsi, A. (2011). Shahnameh (Khaleqi Motlaq ed., 8 volumes). The Center of the Great Islamic Encyclopedia Publications.

Hamidian, S. (2014). An Introduction to Ferdowsi's Art and Mind (4^th ed.). Nahid Publications.

Khaleqi Motlaq, J. (2011). Notes on Shahnameh, (Vols. 1, 2, & 3). The Center of the Great Islamic Encyclopedia.

Kazzazi, M. (2017). Aesthetics of Persian Language (Rhetoric). Markaz Publications.

Kazzazi, M. (2008). The Ancient Letter (5^th ed., Vols. 1 to 9). Samt Publications.

Noushin, A. (1991). Persian Pocket Dictionary (3^th ed.). Donya Publications.

Nikrooz, Y., & Ahmadiani, M. (2008). Characterization Methods in Shahnameh. The Journal of Epic Literature, 18, 186-189.

Rastegar Fasaei, M. (1990). Image in Shahnameh by Ferdowsi. Markaz Publications.

Rastegar Fasaei, M. (2000). The Dictionary of Names in Shahnameh (2^nd ed., Vols. 1 & 2). The Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies.

Rastegar Fasaei, M. (2002). Ferdowsi and the Study of Iranian Identity. Tarh-e-Noe Publications.

Shafi'ei Kadkani, M. (2001). Image in Persian Poetry (8^th ed.). Agah Publications.

Shamisa, S. (2009). Literary Styles (5^th ed.). Ferdows Publications.

Shamisa, S. (2010). Rhetoric (3^rd ed.). Ferdows Publications.

Shamisa, S. (2014). Styles in Poetry (2^nd ed.).  Mitra Publications.

Sadeqi, S. (2013). Aesthetics of Shahnameh. Tarfand Publications.

Safa, Z. (2008). Epic Poetry in Iran. Ferdows Publications.