ارزیابی اثر تغییرات کاربری اراضی بر سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی (مطالعه موردی: دشت آبخوان اسلام آباد)
الموضوعات :
1 - گروه عمران،واحد بوشهر،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،واحد بوشهر،ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: کاربری اراضی, سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی, اسلام‌آباد,
ملخص المقالة :
آب‌های زیرزمینی یکی از منابع اصلی تأمین آب شیرین کره زمین محسوب می‌شوند. امروزه باتوجه‌به رشد جمعیت و روش‌های نوین آبیاری، پدیده تغییر کاربری اراضی به سرعت در حال افزایش است که اثرات منفی بر این منابع ارزشمند دارد. وابستگی بالا به منابع آب زیرزمینی در ایران و تعادل بخشی به این منبع مهم، موجب شد تا پژوهش حاضر به رابطه تغییرات کاربری اراضی بر سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی دشت آبخوان اسلام‌آباد در بازه زمانی 28 ساله در دو دوره (دوره اول: 1374-1378و دوره دوم: 1398-1402) بپردازد. در ابتدا با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره لندست-5 و لندست-8 پوشش اراضی منطقه مطالعاتی را با الگوریتم جنگل تصادفی در 5 کلاس (کشاورزی دیم، کشاورزی آبی، مناطق ساخته شده، پیکره آبی و اراضی بایر) طبقه‌بندی گردید. سپس با بهره‌گیری از آمار چاه‌های مشاهده‌ای نقشه‌های پهنه‌بندی سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی در نرم‌افزارArcMap با ابزار درونیابی IDW تهیه شدند. در نهایت نتایج تغییرات کاربری اراضی با سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی مقایسه شد. نتایج نشان داد کاربری کشاورزی دیم در دوره دوم 33/15 درصد کاهش یافته که از این میزان، 79/12 درصد به کاربری کشاورزی آبی تبدیل شده و بیشتر در بخش‌های مرکزی حوضه اتفاق افتاده است. کاربری ساخته‌شده رشد 47/2 درصدی داشته که بیشتر آن مربوط به شهر اسلام‌آباد است. پهنه آبی به میزان 3/0 درصد کاهش و اراضی بایر 10/0 درصد افزایش مساحت داشته است. سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی در بازه مطالعاتی روند نزولی داشته به‌گونه‌ای‌که در نواحی مرکزی سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی از 14 متر در دوره اول با 18 و 27 متر در این دوره جایگزین شده‌است در این نواحی کاربری کشاورزی دیم به کاربری کشاورزی آبی تغییر یافته است. در مناطق شمالی حوضه نیز کاهش سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی به دلیل گسترش کاربری ساخته شده (شهر اسلام آباد) اتفاق افتاده است.
المصادر:
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