Evaluation of the effect of land use changes on the level of underground water (Case study: Islamabad watershed plain)
Subject Areas :
1 -
Keywords: Landuse, underground water level, Islamabad,
Abstract :
Groundwater is one of the main sources of fresh water on the planet. Nowadays, due to population growth and new irrigation methods, the phenomenon of land use change is increasing rapidly, which has negative effects on these valuable resources. The high dependence on underground water resources in Iran and the partial balance of this important source led the current research to look at the impact of land use changes on the level of underground water level in the Islamabad watershed plain in a period of 28 years in two terms (First period: 1995-1999 and second period: 2019-2023). First, using Landsat-5 and Landsat-8 satellite images, the land cover of the study area was classified into 5 classes (Rainfed agriculture, Irrigated agriculture, Built-up area, Water body, and Barren land) with the random forest algorithm. Then, using the statistics of the observation wells, the zoning maps of the underground water level were prepared in ArcMap software with the IDW interpolation tool. Finally, the results of land use changes were compared with the level of underground water. The results showed that Rainfed agriculture decreased by 15.33% in the second period, of which 12.79% became Irrigated agriculture and mostly happened in the central parts of the basin Built-up area has grown by 47.2%, most of which is related to Islamabad city. Water area has decreased by 0.3% and Barren land has increased by 0.10%. The underground water level has been decreasing in the study period, that in the central areas, the underground water level has been replaced from 14 meters in first period to 18 and 27 meters in this period. In the northern areas of the basin, there has been a decrease in the level of underground water due the expansion of Built-up area (Islamabad city).
References:
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Hussain, S., Wang, Y., Awais, M., Sajjad, M. M., Ejaz, N., Javed, U., ... & Iqbal, J. (2024). Integrated assessment of groundwater quality dynamics and Land use/land cover changes in rapidly urbanizing semi-arid region. Environmental Research, 260, 119622.
IAH 2016-International Association of Hydrogeologists.
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Patel, A., Vyas, D., Chaudhari, N., Patel, R., Patel, K., & Mehta, D. (2024). Novel approach for the LULC change detection using GIS & Google Earth Engine through spatiotemporal analysis to evaluate the urbanization growth of Ahmedabad city. Results in Engineering, 21, 101788.
Patra, S.; Sahoo, S.; Mishra, P.; Mahapatra, S.C. Impacts of urbanization on land use/cover changes and its probable implications on local climate and groundwater level. J. Urban Manag. 2018, 7, 70–84. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Remote Sens. Environ. 185, 258–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.02.060.
Salem, A., Abduljaleel, Y., Dezső, J., & Lóczy, D. (2023). Integrated assessment of the impact of land use changes on groundwater recharge and groundwater level in the Drava floodplain, Hungary. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 5061.
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