• الصفحة الرئيسية
  • بررسی اثرات تلفیق آزولا با کودهای آلی و غیرآلی بر شاخص‎های رویش صنوبر دلتوئیدس

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عنوان URL للمقالة


رقم المقالة : 13965 زيارة : 170 الصفحة: 227 - 239

10.22034/jest.2019.13965

نوع المخطوط: ابحاث

بررسی اثرات تلفیق آزولا با کودهای آلی و غیرآلی بر شاخص‎های رویش صنوبر دلتوئیدس

الموضوعات :

مهسا رفعتی 1 , مریم مصلحی 2 , اکرم احمدی 3

1 - مربی، بخش علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان هرمزگان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندر عباس، ایران.*(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران.

تاريخ الإرسال : 12 الأحد , ذو القعدة, 1435 تاريخ التأكيد : 02 الأربعاء , ربيع الأول, 1436 تاريخ الإصدار : 16 الأحد , شعبان, 1440

الکلمات المفتاحية: آزولا, کود آلی, کود غیرآلی, نیتروژن, پتاسیم و فسفر خاک, مدیریت پایدار,

ملخص المقالة :

زمینه و هدف: آزولا گیاهی است با داشتن قابلیت تثبیت نیتروژن، پتاسیم و فسفر که به عنوان کود سبز مورد استفاده قرار می‎گیرد و عناصر غذایی موجود در کمپوست آن می‎تواند به عنوان منبع تغذیه‎ای برای گیاهان مورد توجه قرار گیرد. این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثرات تلفیق آزولا با کودهای آلی و غیرآلی بر شاخص‎های رویش صنوبر دلتوئیدس انجام گرفت. مواد و روش‎ها: ابتدا آزولا از تالاب‎های شهرستان جویبار واقع در استان مازندران جمع آوری گردید. کمپوست آزولا در ترکیب با مواد آلی و غیر آلی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار مورد استفاده قرار گرفت و میزان نیتروژن، پتاسیم و فسفر این ترکیبات و تاثیرات آن بر شاخص‎های رویش (ارتفاع، قطر ساقه و وزن تر برگ) بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد کمپوست آزولا 100% و کاه 100% دارای بیشترین و کمترین میزان نیتروژن، پتاسیم و فسفر بود که منجر به افزایش معنی‎داری در شاخص‎های رویش صنوبر دلتوئیدس در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد شد. یافته‎ها: شاخص‎های رویش در کمپوست آزولا 100% نسبت به تیمارهای دیگر کودی (درصدهای مختلف آزولا، کاه) افزایش معنی‎داری را نشان داد. همچنین، کود تلفیقی کمپوست آزولا و مواد آلی (50% آزولا+ 50% کاه) (با میزان 32/0 درصد نیتروژن، 02/0 درصد فسفر و 24/0 درصد پتاسیم) در ترکیب با کود غیر آلی اوره، پارامترهای رویشی گیاه را نسبت به شاهد به‎طور معنی‎داری افزایش داد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج، ترکیب کودی 50% آزولا+50% کاه به همراه اوره و کمپوست آزولا 100%، بیشترین تاثیر را در بهبود خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک و در نهایت رشد گیاه داشتند. لذا، بکارگیری کود سبز و همچنین ترکیب تلفیقی کود سبز با کودهای آلی و غیرآلی، با توجه به اثراتی که بر خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک دارد منجر به بهبود حاصلخیزی و افزایش محصول می‎گردد و با کاهش مصرف کود شیمیایی در کشاورزی از آلودگی‎های زیست محیطی و هزینه‎های سرسام آور آن جلوگیری نموده و منجر به توسعه پایدار در کشاورزی می‎شود.

المصادر:

 

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    3.
  3. Fazaeli, H, Mohammadian Tabrizi, H R., Ghorbani, A., Asadpour, Y, and Afzali, M. Effect of diets containing Azolla silage with sugar beet pulp on the fattening performance of Gilan native calves. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 2008. Vol. 15, Number 4, Pages 115-123
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  4. Caffrey, J.M., Barrett, P.R.F., Ferreira, M.T., Moreira, I.S., Murphy, M.P., Wade, P.M., 1999.  Biomass characterization of Azolla filiculoides grown in natural ecosystems and waste water. Hydrobiol, Vol. 415, pp. 323–327. 
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  5. Buckingham, K.W., Morris, J.C., Goldman, C.R., 1978. Nutritive value of the nitrogen-fixing aquatic fern Azolla filiculoides. J. Agric. Food Chem, Vol. 26, pp. 1230-1234.   
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  7. Kimiagar, M., 1994. Utilization of Azolla in the diet of meat type duck. Research Report. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Guilan, Iran. 18p.
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  10. Farah Dahr, F. Voldabadi, SA, Daneshian, J, Razavi Pour, T, Amiri, I. Investigating Irrigation interval and Azolla compost content on traits of rice cultivars (Oryza Sativa). Journal of Biological Sciences, Lahijan Unit. 2011, fifth year, No. four, Vol. 1, pages 99-111.
    11.
  11. Main, M.H., 1993. Prospect of Azolla and blue green algae as nitrogenous biofertilizer for rice production in Bangladesh. In: advances in crop Sciences. Proceeding of first Biennial Conference of the Crop Science Society of Bangladesh, pp. 34-35    
    12.
  12. Khalighi, Ah, Padasht Dehkani, MN. Effects of media obtained from Tree bark, Tea Wastes, Rice and Azolla Cultivars instead of Pit on the Growth of the Tagetes Patula Golden Boy. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science. 2000. Volume 31, Number 3, Pages 557-565.
    13.
  13. Mahboob Khamami, A., Padasht Dehkani, MN. Effect of composted Azolla on different growth bed on growth and nutrient composition of Ficus Benjamin plant, the cultivar of Starlite. Journal of Planting and Seed. 2009, Vol. 2-25, No. 4, pp. 430-417
    14.
  14. Dianati Tilki, RA, Ali Moradi, J. Investigation of phosphorus removal from aquatic environments by aquatic ferns -Azolla. The 10th National Conference on Environmental Health in Hamadan. 2007.
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  15. Songmuang, P., Luangsirorat, S., Seetanun, W., Kanareugsa, C., Imai. K., 1985. Long term application of rice straw compost and yeild of Thai rice, RD7. Japan. Jour. Crop Sci, Vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 248-252
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  20. Akamine, H., Hossain, M. A., Jshimine, Y., yogi, K., Hokama, K., Iraha, Y. and Aniya, Y., 2007. Effects of application of N, P and alone or in combination on growth, yield and curcumin content of Turmeric. Plant ScienceVol. 10, No.1, pp. 151-154  
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  21. Razavipour, T., Ali, A.J. 2006. Effect of fresh and composted azola on rice grain yield and quality. 2nd International Rice Congress. New Delhi, India, 9-13 October 2006.  
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  23. Adel, M. G., 2008. Nitrogen dynamics and fertilizer use efficiency in Rice using the Nitrogen- 15 Isotope Techniques. World Applied Sciences Journal, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 869- 874 
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  29. Parmar, D.K., Sharma, T.R., 1998.  Integrated nutrient supply system for DPPG8, vegetable pea (Pisum sativum var. aravense) in dry temperature zone of Himachal Pradesh. Indian J. Agric Sci, Vol, 68, pp. 247 – 253.  
    30.
  30. Awodun, M. A., 2008. Effect of Azolla (Azolla species) on physiological properties of the soil. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 157-160.  
    31.
  31. Chen, Y., Inbar, Y., Hadar, Y., 1988. Composted agricultural wastes as potting Media for ornamental plants. Soil science, Vol. 145, No. 4, pp. 298-303.   
    32.
  32. Selvakumari, G., Baskar, M., Jayanthi, D., Mathan, K.K., 2000. Effect of integration of flyash with fertilizers and organic manures on nutrient availability, yield and nutrient uptake of rice in alfisol. J. Indian SOC. Soil Sci, Vol, 48, pp. 268-278.  
    33.
  33. Rizwan, A., Shahzad, S.M., Khalid, A., Arshad, M., Mahmood, M.H., 2007. Growth and yield response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) to nitrogen and L-Trytophan enriched compost. PaK. J. Bot., Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 541-549.   
    34.
  34. Sarwar, G., Schmeisky, H., Hussain, N., Muhammad, S., Tahir, M.A., Saleem, U., 2009. Variation in nutrient concentration of wheat and paddy as affected by different levels of compstand chemical fertilizer in normal soil. Pak. Bot, Vol, 41, No. 5, pp.  2403-2410.  
    35.
  35. Loveland, P., Webb, J., 2003. Is there a critical level of organic matter in the agricultural soils of temperate regions: a review. Soil and Tillage Research, Vol. 70, pp. 1-18.   
    36.
  36. Ramshwar, C., Singh, M. 1998. Effect of FYM and feritizer on the growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.)  and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)  in sequence. Indian J. Agric Sci, Vol. 32, pp. 65 – 70. 
    37.
  37. Ahmad, R., Arshad, M., Zahir, Z. A., Naveed, Khalid, M., Asghar, H. N. 2008. Integrating nitrogen – enriched compost with biologically active. Substances for improving growth and yeild of cereals. Pak. J. Bot, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 282-293. 
    38.
  38. Ebrahimi, S., Bahrami, H.A., Homaii, M., Malakooti, M.J., 2005. The roles of Organic matter in area increasing of cultivate soils fertility. Technical Publication of Research and Agricultural Education Organization. No. 401.
    39.

 

 

_||_

  1. Asfia, M. Use of Azola in rice farms and its role in reducing the consumption of nitrogen fertilizers and increasing the yield of rice, the Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Department of agriculture and natural resources. 1985.
    2.
  2. Rehana, B., Main, M.H., Tahirruddin, M., Hasan. M.A., 2003. Effect of Azolla Urea application on yield and NPK Uptake by BRRI Dhan 29 in Boro Season. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 6, No.11, pp. 968-971.       
    3.
  3. Fazaeli, H, Mohammadian Tabrizi, H R., Ghorbani, A., Asadpour, Y, and Afzali, M. Effect of diets containing Azolla silage with sugar beet pulp on the fattening performance of Gilan native calves. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 2008. Vol. 15, Number 4, Pages 115-123
    4.
  4. Caffrey, J.M., Barrett, P.R.F., Ferreira, M.T., Moreira, I.S., Murphy, M.P., Wade, P.M., 1999.  Biomass characterization of Azolla filiculoides grown in natural ecosystems and waste water. Hydrobiol, Vol. 415, pp. 323–327. 
    5.
  5. Buckingham, K.W., Morris, J.C., Goldman, C.R., 1978. Nutritive value of the nitrogen-fixing aquatic fern Azolla filiculoides. J. Agric. Food Chem, Vol. 26, pp. 1230-1234.   
    6.
  6. Sotoudeh, M., 1995. Comparing of Azolla silage with alfalfa in the diet of Guilan native calves. Research Project Report. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Guilan, Iran. 19p.   
    7.
  7. Kimiagar, M., 1994. Utilization of Azolla in the diet of meat type duck. Research Report. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Guilan, Iran. 18p.
    8.
  8. Mottaghi-Talab, M., 1991. Use of Azolla in the diet of lactating Holstine cow. M. Sc. Thesis in animal science. University of Tarbiat moddares, Tehran, Iran.  
    9.
  9. Alam, S. M., 2004. “Azolla” a green compost for rice. The DAWN Group of Newspapers. 
    10.
  10. Farah Dahr, F. Voldabadi, SA, Daneshian, J, Razavi Pour, T, Amiri, I. Investigating Irrigation interval and Azolla compost content on traits of rice cultivars (Oryza Sativa). Journal of Biological Sciences, Lahijan Unit. 2011, fifth year, No. four, Vol. 1, pages 99-111.
    11.
  11. Main, M.H., 1993. Prospect of Azolla and blue green algae as nitrogenous biofertilizer for rice production in Bangladesh. In: advances in crop Sciences. Proceeding of first Biennial Conference of the Crop Science Society of Bangladesh, pp. 34-35    
    12.
  12. Khalighi, Ah, Padasht Dehkani, MN. Effects of media obtained from Tree bark, Tea Wastes, Rice and Azolla Cultivars instead of Pit on the Growth of the Tagetes Patula Golden Boy. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science. 2000. Volume 31, Number 3, Pages 557-565.
    13.
  13. Mahboob Khamami, A., Padasht Dehkani, MN. Effect of composted Azolla on different growth bed on growth and nutrient composition of Ficus Benjamin plant, the cultivar of Starlite. Journal of Planting and Seed. 2009, Vol. 2-25, No. 4, pp. 430-417
    14.
  14. Dianati Tilki, RA, Ali Moradi, J. Investigation of phosphorus removal from aquatic environments by aquatic ferns -Azolla. The 10th National Conference on Environmental Health in Hamadan. 2007.
    15.
  15. Songmuang, P., Luangsirorat, S., Seetanun, W., Kanareugsa, C., Imai. K., 1985. Long term application of rice straw compost and yeild of Thai rice, RD7. Japan. Jour. Crop Sci, Vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 248-252
    16.
  16. Gupta, V.K., Potalia, B.S., 1990. Zinc-cadmium interaction in wheat. J. India.
    17.
  17. Burger, D. W. 1997. Composted waste as a container medium amendment for the production of ornamental plants. HortScience, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 57-60.   
    18.
  18. Verdonck, M., De Boot, P., Penninck, R., 1985. The use of tree bark and tobacco waste in agriculture and horticulture. Composting of Agricultural and other wastes. pp. 203-215  
    19.
  19. Valadabadi, SA, Farah Dahr, F, Amiri, I, Razavi Pour, T. Effect of Azolla compost on the yield and absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice. Quarterly Journal of ecophysiology of crops. 2011, Vol. 3, No. 4, Pages 378-387
    20.
  20. Akamine, H., Hossain, M. A., Jshimine, Y., yogi, K., Hokama, K., Iraha, Y. and Aniya, Y., 2007. Effects of application of N, P and alone or in combination on growth, yield and curcumin content of Turmeric. Plant ScienceVol. 10, No.1, pp. 151-154  
    21.
  21. Razavipour, T., Ali, A.J. 2006. Effect of fresh and composted azola on rice grain yield and quality. 2nd International Rice Congress. New Delhi, India, 9-13 October 2006.  
    22.
  22.   Shindo, H., Nishio, T., 2005. Immobilization and remineralization of nitrogen following addition of wheat straw in to soil: determination of gross nitrogen transformation rates by nitrogen – ammonium isotope dilution technique. Soil Biol. Biochem, Vol. 37, pp. 425-432   
    23.
  23. Adel, M. G., 2008. Nitrogen dynamics and fertilizer use efficiency in Rice using the Nitrogen- 15 Isotope Techniques. World Applied Sciences Journal, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 869- 874 
    24.
  24. DeBusk, T. A., Ryther, J. H., 1987. Biomass production and yields of aquatic plants. 579-598. In: Reddy, K.R., W.H Smith (eds), Aquatic Plants for Water treatment and Research recovery, Florida.  
    25.
  25.   Klute, A., 1986. Metods of soil analysis, Part I, Physical and mineralogical metods. 2nd Ed. Soil Science Society of America. 1188 p.  
    26.
  26. Blake, G.R. and Hartge, K.H. 1986. Bulk density. In: Klute, A. (Ed.), Methods of Soi Analysis. Part I. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Pub, No. 9. Pp. 363-376.  
    27.
  27. Page, A. L., Miller, R. H. and Keeney, M. 1992. Metods of soil analysis, Part II, Chemical and microbiological metods. 2nd Ed. Soil Science American Journal. 1159 Pp.  
    28.
  28. Smith, J.L., Doran, J.W., 1996. Measurement and use of pH and electrical coductivity for soil quality analysis. In: Doran, J. W. and Jones, A. J. (Eds.), Metods for Assessing soil quality. SSSA Species Publication. 49. Madison, WI, pp. 169-185.  
    29.
  29. Parmar, D.K., Sharma, T.R., 1998.  Integrated nutrient supply system for DPPG8, vegetable pea (Pisum sativum var. aravense) in dry temperature zone of Himachal Pradesh. Indian J. Agric Sci, Vol, 68, pp. 247 – 253.  
    30.
  30. Awodun, M. A., 2008. Effect of Azolla (Azolla species) on physiological properties of the soil. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 157-160.  
    31.
  31. Chen, Y., Inbar, Y., Hadar, Y., 1988. Composted agricultural wastes as potting Media for ornamental plants. Soil science, Vol. 145, No. 4, pp. 298-303.   
    32.
  32. Selvakumari, G., Baskar, M., Jayanthi, D., Mathan, K.K., 2000. Effect of integration of flyash with fertilizers and organic manures on nutrient availability, yield and nutrient uptake of rice in alfisol. J. Indian SOC. Soil Sci, Vol, 48, pp. 268-278.  
    33.
  33. Rizwan, A., Shahzad, S.M., Khalid, A., Arshad, M., Mahmood, M.H., 2007. Growth and yield response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) to nitrogen and L-Trytophan enriched compost. PaK. J. Bot., Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 541-549.   
    34.
  34. Sarwar, G., Schmeisky, H., Hussain, N., Muhammad, S., Tahir, M.A., Saleem, U., 2009. Variation in nutrient concentration of wheat and paddy as affected by different levels of compstand chemical fertilizer in normal soil. Pak. Bot, Vol, 41, No. 5, pp.  2403-2410.  
    35.
  35. Loveland, P., Webb, J., 2003. Is there a critical level of organic matter in the agricultural soils of temperate regions: a review. Soil and Tillage Research, Vol. 70, pp. 1-18.   
    36.
  36. Ramshwar, C., Singh, M. 1998. Effect of FYM and feritizer on the growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.)  and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)  in sequence. Indian J. Agric Sci, Vol. 32, pp. 65 – 70. 
    37.
  37. Ahmad, R., Arshad, M., Zahir, Z. A., Naveed, Khalid, M., Asghar, H. N. 2008. Integrating nitrogen – enriched compost with biologically active. Substances for improving growth and yeild of cereals. Pak. J. Bot, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 282-293. 
    38.
  38. Ebrahimi, S., Bahrami, H.A., Homaii, M., Malakooti, M.J., 2005. The roles of Organic matter in area increasing of cultivate soils fertility. Technical Publication of Research and Agricultural Education Organization. No. 401.
    39.

 

 

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