بررسی اثرات تلفیق آزولا با کودهای آلی و غیرآلی بر شاخص‎های رویش صنوبر دلتوئیدس

محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیست

مهسا رفعتی ¹ (مربی، بخش علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.)
مریم مصلحی ² (استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان هرمزگان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندر عباس، ایران.*(مسوول مکاتبات))
اکرم احمدی ³ (استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1393/06/16 تاریخ پذیرش : 1393/10/03 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/02/01

کلید واژه: آزولا, کود آلی, کود غیرآلی, نیتروژن, پتاسیم و فسفر خاک, مدیریت پایدار,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: آزولا گیاهی است با داشتن قابلیت تثبیت نیتروژن، پتاسیم و فسفر که به عنوان کود سبز مورد استفاده قرار می‎گیرد و عناصر غذایی موجود در کمپوست آن می‎تواند به عنوان منبع تغذیه‎ای برای گیاهان مورد توجه قرار گیرد. این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثرات تلفیق آزولا با کودهای آلی و غیرآلی بر شاخص‎های رویش صنوبر دلتوئیدس انجام گرفت. مواد و روش‎ها: ابتدا آزولا از تالاب‎های شهرستان جویبار واقع در استان مازندران جمع آوری گردید. کمپوست آزولا در ترکیب با مواد آلی و غیر آلی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار مورد استفاده قرار گرفت و میزان نیتروژن، پتاسیم و فسفر این ترکیبات و تاثیرات آن بر شاخص‎های رویش (ارتفاع، قطر ساقه و وزن تر برگ) بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد کمپوست آزولا 100% و کاه 100% دارای بیشترین و کمترین میزان نیتروژن، پتاسیم و فسفر بود که منجر به افزایش معنی‎داری در شاخص‎های رویش صنوبر دلتوئیدس در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد شد. یافته‎ها: شاخص‎های رویش در کمپوست آزولا 100% نسبت به تیمارهای دیگر کودی (درصدهای مختلف آزولا، کاه) افزایش معنی‎داری را نشان داد. همچنین، کود تلفیقی کمپوست آزولا و مواد آلی (50% آزولا+ 50% کاه) (با میزان 32/0 درصد نیتروژن، 02/0 درصد فسفر و 24/0 درصد پتاسیم) در ترکیب با کود غیر آلی اوره، پارامترهای رویشی گیاه را نسبت به شاهد به‎طور معنی‎داری افزایش داد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج، ترکیب کودی 50% آزولا+50% کاه به همراه اوره و کمپوست آزولا 100%، بیشترین تاثیر را در بهبود خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک و در نهایت رشد گیاه داشتند. لذا، بکارگیری کود سبز و همچنین ترکیب تلفیقی کود سبز با کودهای آلی و غیرآلی، با توجه به اثراتی که بر خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک دارد منجر به بهبود حاصلخیزی و افزایش محصول می‎گردد و با کاهش مصرف کود شیمیایی در کشاورزی از آلودگی‎های زیست محیطی و هزینه‎های سرسام آور آن جلوگیری نموده و منجر به توسعه پایدار در کشاورزی می‎شود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Azolla plants with the capability of fixing nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, which are used as green manure and the nutrients in the compost, can be considered as a source of nutrition for plants. This study was designed to investigate the combined effects of Azolla with organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil NPK levels on study the growth index of Populous Deltoids. Method: The Azolla were collected from ponds of Joibar city located in Mazandaran province. Azolla compost was used in combination with inorganic and organic materials and the amount of NPK in these compounds and its effects on growth parameters (height, stem diameter and leaf fresh weight) were investigated. The compost of Azolla 100% and straw 100% had the highest and the lowest NPK that resulted in significant increases in growth indices of Populus deltoides in comparison with control one. Findings: Growth Indices in the compost of Azolla 100% showed the significant increase in comparison to other fertilizer treatments (different percentages of Azolla, straw and urea). Also, the mixed manure of Azolla and organic compost (Azolla 50%+ straw 50%) (With 0.32% nitrogen, 0.02% phosphorus and 0.24% K) with inorganic fertilizer of urea was significantly increased growth parameters of plant than control. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, compound fertilizer 50% Azolla +50% straw + urea and Azolla 100% compost were had the greatest impact on improving the soil and finaly, plants growth. Therefore, use of green manure and green manure combined with a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers, according to the effects on soil chemical traits, resulted in fertility improvement and increase of crop and by reducing the use of chemical fertilizer in agriculture will prevent environmental pollution and its staggering costs and contribute to the sustainable development of agriculture.

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