بررسی صحت ادعاهایتغذیهای و سلامتی‌بخش برچسب فرآورده‌های‌شیری عرضه شده در تهران
الموضوعات :
محدثه آصفری
1
(کارشناسی ارشد، گروه بهداشت و ایمنی مواد غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
پیمان مهستی
2
(دانشیار گروه کنترل کیفی و بهداشتی مواد غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
حسن حامدی
3
(استادیار گروه بهداشت و ایمنی مواد غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
تاريخ الإرسال : 22 الجمعة , جمادى الأولى, 1441
تاريخ التأكيد : 23 السبت , صفر, 1442
تاريخ الإصدار : 05 الثلاثاء , صفر, 1442
الکلمات المفتاحية:
نشانگرهای رنگی,
برچسبگذاری موادغذایی,
ادعاهایتغذیهای و ادعاهای سلامتی‌بخش,
فرآورده‌های شیری,
جدول حقایق تغذیهای,
ملخص المقالة :
افراد با توجه به شرایط متفاوت جسمانی خود نیازهای تغذیه ای متعددی داشته و بدین منظور تولیدکنندگان باید محتویات و برچسب‌های اقلام غذایی را در کمال صحت و صداقت ارائه نمایند تا علاوه بر آگاهی دادن به مصرف‌کنندگان منجر به سردرگمی و یا بهخطر انداختن سلامت آن‌ها نشود. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی صحت درج این اطلاعات و میزان تطابق آن‌ها با ضوابط تعیینشده و شناسایی اشتباهات و تقلبات میباشد. در این مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی 272 نمونه از فرآورده‌های‌شیری انتخاب و از برچسب آن‌ها عکسبرداری صورت گرفت، سپس اطلاعات موجود در عکسها با مستندات موجود در سازمان غذا و دارو و ضابطه برچسبگذاری فرآورده‌های غذایی و آشامیدنی انطباق داده شد و صحت آن‌ها موردبررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد 2/45 درصد نمونهها حاوی اظهارات توصیفی بودند که 18/50 درصد این اظهارات غیرمجاز است. میزان عدم تطابق برچسبگذاری بر اساس ضوابط سازمان غذا و دارو در مورد اظهارات غنی‌شده، پروبیوتیک، ادعاهای سلامتی‌بخش و جدول حقایق تغذیهای به ترتیب 55/50، 6/95، 4/68،5/57 درصد بود. در ضمن 36/0 درصد اظهارات اخطاری ادعاشده ذاتاً بیاعتبار بودند. 2/3 درصد نمونهها دارای ادعای تغذیهای و 14 درصد نمونهها فاقد نشانگرهای رنگی بودند. برچسب‌های غذایی ابزاری برای سنجش سلامت محصولات است و نقش به‌سزایی در کاهش بیماری‌های غیر واگیر ازجمله بیماری‌های متابولیک خواهند داشت. این مطالعه لزوم نظارت بیشتر و سختگیرانهتر را در حیطه برچسب‌های غذایی آشکار میکند.
المصادر:
· Asafari, M., Hosseini, H., Hozoori, M., Samiee, H., and Samiee, S. (2020). Investigating the Compliance of Food Labeling Requirements and Rules in Leading and Islamic Countries with Iranian Rules (A Comparative Study). Biannual Halal Journal, 3(4.1), 1-22. [In Persian]
· Asafari, M. Hozoori, M. (2019). How do we make a smart purchase? World nutrition magazine, 16(194): 18-22. [In Persian]
· Asiki, G., Wanjohi, M., Barnes, A., Bash, K., Vandevijvere, S., Muthuri, S., et al., (2019). Benchmarking policies for creating healthy food environments in Kenya to prevent diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
· Besler, H.T., Buyuktuncer, Z. and Uyar, M F. (2012). Consumer understanding and use of food and nutrition labeling in Turkey. Journal of nutrition education behavior, 44(6): 584-591.
· Borgmeier, I. and Westenhoefer, J. (2009). Impact of different food label formats on healthiness evaluation and food choice of consumers: a randomized-controlled study. BMC public health, 9(1): 184.
· Borra, S. (2006). Consumer perspectives on food labels. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 83(5): 1235S-1235S.
· Campos, S., Doxey, J. and Hammond, D. (2011). Nutrition labels on pre-packaged foods: a systematic review. Public health nutrition, 14(8): 1496-1506.
· Carbone, E.T. and Zoellner, J.M. (2012). Nutrition and health literacy: a systematic review to inform nutrition research and practice. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition Dietetics, 112(2): 254-265.
· Caswell, J.A. and Padberg, D.I. (1992). Toward a more comprehensive theory of food labels. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 74(2): 460-468.
· Cheftel, J.C. (2005). Food and nutrition labelling in the European Union. Food Chemistry, 93(3): 531-550.
· Cowburn, G. and Stockley, L. (2005). Consumer understanding and use of nutrition labelling: a systematic review. Public health nutrition, 8(1): 21-28.
· Delshadian, Z., Koushki, M., Mohammadi, R. and Mortazavian, A. (2015). Evalution of Food Labeling for Dairy, Meat and Fruit Juice Products Launched in Tehran Market. pp. 83-90. [In Persian]
· Egnell, M., Crosetto, P., D’almeida, T., Kesse-Guyot, E., Touvier, M., Ruffieux, et al., (2019). Modelling the impact of different front-of-package nutrition labels on mortality from non-communicable chronic disease. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 16(1): 56.
· Esmaeili, S., Davoodi, H., Mortazavian, A.M. and Abdi, S., (2013). The preventive effects of indigenous and exogenesis milk and milk products ingredients on cancers. Iranian journal of nutrition sciences & food technology, 7(5):613-24.
· French, W.A. and Barksdale, H.C. (1974). Food labeling regulations: Efforts toward full disclosure. The Journal of Marketing, 38(3): 14-19.
· Grunert, K.G., Wills, J.M. and Fernández-Celemín, L. (2010). Nutrition knowledge, and use and understanding of nutrition information on food labels among consumers in the UK. Appetite, 55(2): 177-189.
· Hawkes, C., Smith, T.G., Jewell, J., Wardle, J., Hammond, R.A., Friel, S., et al., (2015). Smart food policies for obesity prevention. The lancet, 385(9985): 2410-2421.
· Hawley, K.L., Roberto, C.A., Bragg, M.A., Liu, P.J., Schwartz, M.B. and Brownell, K.D. (2013). The science on front-of-package food labels. Public health nutrition, 16(3): 430-439.
· Hersey, J.C., Wohlgenant, K.C., Arsenault, J.E., Kosa, K.M. and Muth, M.K. (2013). Effects of front‐of‐package and shelf nutrition labeling systems on consumers. Nutrition reviews, 71(1): 1-14.
· Hieke, S. and Taylor, C.R. (2012). A critical review of the literature on nutritional labeling. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 46(1): 120-156.
· Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI), (2014). Flavored milk-Specifications and test methods. 2nd revesion, ISIRI no. 1527. [In Persian]
· Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI), (2015). Dairy spread-Specifications and test methods. 1st edition, ISIRI no. 10084. [In Persian]
· Kelly, B., Hughes, C., Chapman, K., Louie, J.C.Y., Dixon, H., Crawford, J. et al., (2009). Consumer testing of the acceptability and effectiveness of front-of-pack food labelling systems for the Australian grocery market. Health promotion international, 24(2): 120-129.
· Kindig, D.A., Panzer, A.M. and Nielsen-Bohlman, L. (2004). Health literacy: a prescription to end confusion, National Academies Press, pp. 2004.
· Legault, L., Brandt, M.B., Mccabe, N., Adler, C., Brown, A.M. and Brecher, S. (2004). 2000–2001 food label and package survey: an update on prevalence of nutrition labeling and claims on processed, packaged foods. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 104(6): 952-958.
· Lin, C.T.J., Lee, J.Y. and Yen, S.T. (2004). Do dietary intakes affect search for nutrient information on food labels? Social Science Medicine, 59(9): 1955-1967.
· Mhurchu, C.N. and Gorton, D. (2007). Nutrition labels and claims in New Zealand and Australia: a review of use and understanding. Australian New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 31(2): 105-112.
· Ministry Of Health and Medical Education, Food and Drug Administration (IRFDA), (2014). Code of dietary and sports supplements. SP- Pr- 1393- 0015. [In Persian]
· Morley, B., Scully, M., Martin, J., Niven, P., Dixon, H. and Wakefield, M. (2013). What types of nutrition menu labelling lead consumers to select less energy-dense fast food? An experimental study. Appetite, 67, pp. 8-15.
· Rayner, M., Wood, A., Lawrence, M., Mhurchu, C.N., Albert, J., Barquera, S. et al., (2013). Monitoring the health‐related labelling of foods and non‐alcoholic beverages in retail settings. obesity reviews, 14: 70-81.
· Richardson, D. (1990). Food fortification. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 49(1): 39-50.
· Roberto, C.A., Bragg, M.A., Schwartz, M.B., Seamans, M.J., Musicus, A., Novak, N. et al., (2012). Facts up front versus traffic light food labels: a randomized controlled trial. American journal of preventive medicine, 43(2): 134-141.
· Shine, A., O’reilly, S. and O’sullivan, K. (1997). Consumer use of nutrition labels. British Food Journal, 99: 290-296.
· Silva, E.G., Parisotto, T.M., Cruz, A.G., Faria, J.A., Bolini, H.M. and Sant'Ana, A.S. (2010). Adequacy of Probiotic and Prebiotic Dairy Foods Labeling. International Journal of Probiotics, 5(1): 27.
· Siu, S. (2018). Examination of Probiotics Labeling: Analyzing the Accuracy of Labeling on Probiotic Products. Doctoral dissertation.
· Stein, K. (2010). A national approach to restaurant menu labeling: the Patient Protection and Affordable Health Care Act, Section 4205. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 110(9): 1283.
· Thorndike, A.N., Riis, J., Sonnenberg, L.M. and Levy, D.E. (2014). Traffic-light labels and choice architecture: promoting healthy food choices. American journal of preventive medicine, 46(2): 143-149.
· Thorndike, A.N., Sonnenberg, L., Riis, J., Barraclough, S. and Levy, D.E. (2012). A 2-phase labeling and choice architecture intervention to improve healthy food and beverage choices. American Journal of Public Health, 102(3): 527-533.
· Wartella, E., Lichtenstein, A. and Boon, C. (2010). Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols: Phase 1 Report. Washington DC: The National Academies Press.
· Zafar, M.Z., Hashim, N.A. and Halim, F. (2016). Food label makes individual healthy. Journal of Scientific Research and Development, 3(1): 68-76.
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· Asafari, M., Hosseini, H., Hozoori, M., Samiee, H., and Samiee, S. (2020). Investigating the Compliance of Food Labeling Requirements and Rules in Leading and Islamic Countries with Iranian Rules (A Comparative Study). Biannual Halal Journal, 3(4.1), 1-22. [In Persian]
· Asafari, M. Hozoori, M. (2019). How do we make a smart purchase? World nutrition magazine, 16(194): 18-22. [In Persian]
· Asiki, G., Wanjohi, M., Barnes, A., Bash, K., Vandevijvere, S., Muthuri, S., et al., (2019). Benchmarking policies for creating healthy food environments in Kenya to prevent diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
· Besler, H.T., Buyuktuncer, Z. and Uyar, M F. (2012). Consumer understanding and use of food and nutrition labeling in Turkey. Journal of nutrition education behavior, 44(6): 584-591.
· Borgmeier, I. and Westenhoefer, J. (2009). Impact of different food label formats on healthiness evaluation and food choice of consumers: a randomized-controlled study. BMC public health, 9(1): 184.
· Borra, S. (2006). Consumer perspectives on food labels. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 83(5): 1235S-1235S.
· Campos, S., Doxey, J. and Hammond, D. (2011). Nutrition labels on pre-packaged foods: a systematic review. Public health nutrition, 14(8): 1496-1506.
· Carbone, E.T. and Zoellner, J.M. (2012). Nutrition and health literacy: a systematic review to inform nutrition research and practice. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition Dietetics, 112(2): 254-265.
· Caswell, J.A. and Padberg, D.I. (1992). Toward a more comprehensive theory of food labels. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 74(2): 460-468.
· Cheftel, J.C. (2005). Food and nutrition labelling in the European Union. Food Chemistry, 93(3): 531-550.
· Cowburn, G. and Stockley, L. (2005). Consumer understanding and use of nutrition labelling: a systematic review. Public health nutrition, 8(1): 21-28.
· Delshadian, Z., Koushki, M., Mohammadi, R. and Mortazavian, A. (2015). Evalution of Food Labeling for Dairy, Meat and Fruit Juice Products Launched in Tehran Market. pp. 83-90. [In Persian]
· Egnell, M., Crosetto, P., D’almeida, T., Kesse-Guyot, E., Touvier, M., Ruffieux, et al., (2019). Modelling the impact of different front-of-package nutrition labels on mortality from non-communicable chronic disease. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 16(1): 56.
· Esmaeili, S., Davoodi, H., Mortazavian, A.M. and Abdi, S., (2013). The preventive effects of indigenous and exogenesis milk and milk products ingredients on cancers. Iranian journal of nutrition sciences & food technology, 7(5):613-24.
· French, W.A. and Barksdale, H.C. (1974). Food labeling regulations: Efforts toward full disclosure. The Journal of Marketing, 38(3): 14-19.
· Grunert, K.G., Wills, J.M. and Fernández-Celemín, L. (2010). Nutrition knowledge, and use and understanding of nutrition information on food labels among consumers in the UK. Appetite, 55(2): 177-189.
· Hawkes, C., Smith, T.G., Jewell, J., Wardle, J., Hammond, R.A., Friel, S., et al., (2015). Smart food policies for obesity prevention. The lancet, 385(9985): 2410-2421.
· Hawley, K.L., Roberto, C.A., Bragg, M.A., Liu, P.J., Schwartz, M.B. and Brownell, K.D. (2013). The science on front-of-package food labels. Public health nutrition, 16(3): 430-439.
· Hersey, J.C., Wohlgenant, K.C., Arsenault, J.E., Kosa, K.M. and Muth, M.K. (2013). Effects of front‐of‐package and shelf nutrition labeling systems on consumers. Nutrition reviews, 71(1): 1-14.
· Hieke, S. and Taylor, C.R. (2012). A critical review of the literature on nutritional labeling. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 46(1): 120-156.
· Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI), (2014). Flavored milk-Specifications and test methods. 2nd revesion, ISIRI no. 1527. [In Persian]
· Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI), (2015). Dairy spread-Specifications and test methods. 1st edition, ISIRI no. 10084. [In Persian]
· Kelly, B., Hughes, C., Chapman, K., Louie, J.C.Y., Dixon, H., Crawford, J. et al., (2009). Consumer testing of the acceptability and effectiveness of front-of-pack food labelling systems for the Australian grocery market. Health promotion international, 24(2): 120-129.
· Kindig, D.A., Panzer, A.M. and Nielsen-Bohlman, L. (2004). Health literacy: a prescription to end confusion, National Academies Press, pp. 2004.
· Legault, L., Brandt, M.B., Mccabe, N., Adler, C., Brown, A.M. and Brecher, S. (2004). 2000–2001 food label and package survey: an update on prevalence of nutrition labeling and claims on processed, packaged foods. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 104(6): 952-958.
· Lin, C.T.J., Lee, J.Y. and Yen, S.T. (2004). Do dietary intakes affect search for nutrient information on food labels? Social Science Medicine, 59(9): 1955-1967.
· Mhurchu, C.N. and Gorton, D. (2007). Nutrition labels and claims in New Zealand and Australia: a review of use and understanding. Australian New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 31(2): 105-112.
· Ministry Of Health and Medical Education, Food and Drug Administration (IRFDA), (2014). Code of dietary and sports supplements. SP- Pr- 1393- 0015. [In Persian]
· Morley, B., Scully, M., Martin, J., Niven, P., Dixon, H. and Wakefield, M. (2013). What types of nutrition menu labelling lead consumers to select less energy-dense fast food? An experimental study. Appetite, 67, pp. 8-15.
· Rayner, M., Wood, A., Lawrence, M., Mhurchu, C.N., Albert, J., Barquera, S. et al., (2013). Monitoring the health‐related labelling of foods and non‐alcoholic beverages in retail settings. obesity reviews, 14: 70-81.
· Richardson, D. (1990). Food fortification. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 49(1): 39-50.
· Roberto, C.A., Bragg, M.A., Schwartz, M.B., Seamans, M.J., Musicus, A., Novak, N. et al., (2012). Facts up front versus traffic light food labels: a randomized controlled trial. American journal of preventive medicine, 43(2): 134-141.
· Shine, A., O’reilly, S. and O’sullivan, K. (1997). Consumer use of nutrition labels. British Food Journal, 99: 290-296.
· Silva, E.G., Parisotto, T.M., Cruz, A.G., Faria, J.A., Bolini, H.M. and Sant'Ana, A.S. (2010). Adequacy of Probiotic and Prebiotic Dairy Foods Labeling. International Journal of Probiotics, 5(1): 27.
· Siu, S. (2018). Examination of Probiotics Labeling: Analyzing the Accuracy of Labeling on Probiotic Products. Doctoral dissertation.
· Stein, K. (2010). A national approach to restaurant menu labeling: the Patient Protection and Affordable Health Care Act, Section 4205. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 110(9): 1283.
· Thorndike, A.N., Riis, J., Sonnenberg, L.M. and Levy, D.E. (2014). Traffic-light labels and choice architecture: promoting healthy food choices. American journal of preventive medicine, 46(2): 143-149.
· Thorndike, A.N., Sonnenberg, L., Riis, J., Barraclough, S. and Levy, D.E. (2012). A 2-phase labeling and choice architecture intervention to improve healthy food and beverage choices. American Journal of Public Health, 102(3): 527-533.
· Wartella, E., Lichtenstein, A. and Boon, C. (2010). Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols: Phase 1 Report. Washington DC: The National Academies Press.
· Zafar, M.Z., Hashim, N.A. and Halim, F. (2016). Food label makes individual healthy. Journal of Scientific Research and Development, 3(1): 68-76.
