تأثیر آموزش برنامه‌نویسی با نرم‌افزار اسکرچ بر مهارت حل مسئله دانش‌آموزان
الموضوعات :سمیه رزبان 1 , سعید شاه حسینی 2 , محسن باقری 3
1 - گروه علوم تربیتی دانشگاه اراک،اراک، دانشگاه اراک، ایران
2 - گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه اراک
3 - استادیار گروه تکنولوژی آموزشی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه اراک
الکلمات المفتاحية: حل مسئله, آموزش برنامه‌نویسی به کودکان, آموزش برنامه‌نویسی, نرم‌افزار اسکرچ,
ملخص المقالة :
پژوهش حاضر با هدف تأثیر آموزش برنامه‌نویسی با نرم‌افزار اسکرچ بر مهارت حل مسئله دانش‌آموزان پایه دوم ابتدایی شهرستان فراهان در سال تحصیلی 97-1396، انجام گرفته است. نرم‌افزار اسکرچ به کودکان کمک می‌کند تا ضمن طراحی بازی یا داستان‌های تعاملی، اصول برنامه‌نویسی را بیاموزند. این پژوهش از نوع کاربردی است و از لحاظ ملاک نحوه جمع‌آوری اطلاعات روش نیمه تجربی است. جهت انجام پژوهش یکی از مدارس ابتدایی دخترانه شهرستان فراهان انتخاب شد و به طور تصادفی یکی از کلاس‌ها به عنوان گروه آزمایش و کلاس دیگر بعنوان گروه کنترل در نظر گرفته شدند. تعداد کل نمونه 34 دانش‌آموز دوم ابتدایی بود یعنی 17 نفر در گروه آزمایش و 17 نفر در گروه کنترل بودند. ابزارها در این پژوهش عبارت‌اند از پرسشنامه حل مسئله هپنر که بعنوان پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون بکار گرفته شدند. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از آمار توصیفی برای تعیین فراوانی و میانگین و از آمار استنباطی برای تحلیل کوواریانس استفاده شد. یافته‌های بدست آمده از تجزیه و تحلیل‌ها، نشان داد که تفاوت بین دو گروه گواه و آزمایش از نظر آماری در سطح 05/0>a و با سطح اطمینان 95/0 معنادار می‌باشد. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که آموزش برنامه‌نویسی با نرم‌افزار اسکرچ بر مهارت حل مسئله دانش‌آموزان ، تأثیر معناداری داشته است. دانش‌آموزان طی دوره آموزشی، به طور فعال با حل مسائل مختلف در نرم‌افزار اسکرچ درگیر شدند و برای حل این مسائل باید مسئله را تجزیه و تحلیل کرده و راه حل‌های مختلف را مورد آزمایش قرار می‌دادند، درگیر شدن دانش‌آموزان با این چالش‌ها موجب بهبود مهارت حل مسئله آنها شد.
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سلامی، مونا؛ حسین‌پور، محمد و عطاری، یوسفعلی. (1389). بررسی اثربخشی آموزش مهارت حل مسئله به شیوه دزورلاو و گلدفرید بر تعارضات والد فرزند در بین دانش‌آموزان دختر سال اول دوره دبیرستان شهرستان بهبهان؛ فصلنامه اندیشه‌های تازه در علوم تربیتی. 5 (2) 31-47.
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Aghajani, Ahmad (2011), problem solving skills training for children. Journal of Pediatrics, Adolescents and the Media, 1, 2-1 [In Persian [.
Akcaoglu, M., & Koehler, M. J. (2014). Cognitive outcomes from the Game-Design and Learning (GDL) after-school program. Computers & Education, 75, 72-81.
Altun, I. (2003). The perceived problem solving ability and values of student nurses and midwives. Nurse education today, 23(8), 575-584.
Armagan, F. O., Sagır, A. U., & Çelik, A. Y. (2009). The effects of students’ problem solving skills on their understanding of chemical rate and their achievement on this issue. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1,2678-2684, http://dx.doi.org/10,1016/j.sbspro.2009,01,473
Bazl, Masoumeh (2004). The Relationship between Problem Solving Skills and Adjustment Levels of Secondary School Students in Secondary School. Graduate Student, Alzahra University [In Persian].
Bell, T., Witten, I. H., Fellows, M., Adams, R., & McKenzie, J. (2006). Computer science unplugged. An enrichment and extension programme for primary-aged children (teacher ed.).
Clements, D. H., & Gullo, D. F. (1984). Effects of computer programming on young children's cognition. Journal of Educational psychology, 76(6), 1051.
Clements, D. H., & Sarama, J. (2003). Strip mining for gold: Research and policy in educational technology—A response to “Fool’s Gold”. AACE Journal, 11(1), 69-70000000
Dalton, D. W., & Goodrum, D. A. (1991). The effects of computer programming on problem-solving skills and attitudes. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 7(4). 483-506.
Dooran, B. (2001). Investigating the relationship between computer games and social skills of adolescents, Master's Thesis, University of Modarres [In Persian[.
Fesakis, G., & Serafeim, K. (2009). Influence of the familiarization with scratch on future teachers' opinions and attitudes about programming and ICT in education. In ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 41(3), 258-262.
Fessakis, G., Gouli, E., & Mavroudi, E. (2013). Problem solving by 5-6 years old kindergarten children in a computer programming environment: A case study. Computers & Education, 63, 87-97.
Flannery, L. P., Silverman, B., Kazakoff, E. R., Bers, M. U., Bontá, P., & Resnick, M. (2013). Designing ScratchJr: support for early childhood learning through computer programming. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children. 1-10
Haddad, W., & Jurich, S. (2002). ICT for education: Potential and potency. Technologies for education: Potential, parameters and prospects. UNESCO and Academy for Educational Development, 28-40.
Heppner. P. P., & Peterson, C. H. (1982). The development and implication of a personal problem solving inventory. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 29, 66-75.
Heppner. P. P. (1988). The Problem-Solving Inventory. Manual .Palo Alto.CA: Consulting Psychologies Press.
Hood, C. S., & Hood, D. J. (2005). Teaching programming and language concepts using LEGOs®. In ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 37(3), 19-23.
Jang, I. O., & Lew, H. C. (2014). Case studiesin thinking processes of mathematically gifted elementary students through Logo programming,”. Work, 4, 9.
Jang, I. O., & Lew, H. C. (2014). Case studiesin thinking processes of mathematically gifted elementary students through Logo programming,”. Work, 4-9.
Kalelioglu, F., & Gulbahar, Y. (2014). The Effects of Teaching Programming via Scratch on Problem Solving Skills: A Discussion from Learners' Perspective. Informatics in Education, 13(1).
Kanekar. AS., & Sharma. M. (2012). Instructional strategies for developing problem solving skills among upper elementary shool- children –A theory-baised approach. Webmed Central behavior, 3(3),
Khosravi, Z., Dervizheh, Z., & Rafati, M. (1377). The role of mood modes on the way female students evaluate their ability to solve problems. Thesis and Behavioral Phd dissertation. 4(1), 35-45 [In Persian].
Mayer, R. E. (2013). Teaching and learning computer programming: Multiple research perspectives. Routledge.
Oakley, J., & McDougall, A. (1997). Issues in the preparation of teachers of programming for children. In Information Technology, 108-114 Springer US.
Perla, E., O’ & Donnel, B. (2004). Encouraging problem solving in orientation and mobility. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 98, 47-52.
Perlman, R. (1976). Using computer technology to provide a creative learning environment for preschool children. In MIT AI Lab Memo 36, Logo Memo 24. Cambridge, MA, USA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Retrieved 20, 6, 12.
Rastgoo, A., Naderi, E., Shariatmadari, A., & Seif Naraghi, M. (2010). The Effect of Internet Information Literacy Education on Student Problem Solving Skills, A New Approach in Educational Education, 1(4), 1-22 [In Persian].
Salami, M., Hosseinpour, M., & Attari, Y. (2010). Evaluate the effectiveness of problem solving skills in a way Dzvrlav and Gldfryd the parent-child conflicts between students in city high school freshman PA; Journal of New Thoughts on Education, 5(2) 31-47 [In Persian[.
Strawhacker, A., Lee, M., Caine, C., & Bers, M. (2015) ScratchJr Demo: A coding language for Kindergarten. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, 414-417 ACM.
_||_Aghajani, Ahmad (2011), problem solving skills training for children. Journal of Pediatrics, Adolescents and the Media, 1, 2-1 [In Persian [.
Akcaoglu, M., & Koehler, M. J. (2014). Cognitive outcomes from the Game-Design and Learning (GDL) after-school program. Computers & Education, 75, 72-81.
Altun, I. (2003). The perceived problem solving ability and values of student nurses and midwives. Nurse education today, 23(8), 575-584.
Armagan, F. O., Sagır, A. U., & Çelik, A. Y. (2009). The effects of students’ problem solving skills on their understanding of chemical rate and their achievement on this issue. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1,2678-2684, http://dx.doi.org/10,1016/j.sbspro.2009,01,473
Bazl, Masoumeh (2004). The Relationship between Problem Solving Skills and Adjustment Levels of Secondary School Students in Secondary School. Graduate Student, Alzahra University [In Persian].
Bell, T., Witten, I. H., Fellows, M., Adams, R., & McKenzie, J. (2006). Computer science unplugged. An enrichment and extension programme for primary-aged children (teacher ed.).
Clements, D. H., & Gullo, D. F. (1984). Effects of computer programming on young children's cognition. Journal of Educational psychology, 76(6), 1051.
Clements, D. H., & Sarama, J. (2003). Strip mining for gold: Research and policy in educational technology—A response to “Fool’s Gold”. AACE Journal, 11(1), 69-70000000
Dalton, D. W., & Goodrum, D. A. (1991). The effects of computer programming on problem-solving skills and attitudes. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 7(4). 483-506.
Dooran, B. (2001). Investigating the relationship between computer games and social skills of adolescents, Master's Thesis, University of Modarres [In Persian[.
Fesakis, G., & Serafeim, K. (2009). Influence of the familiarization with scratch on future teachers' opinions and attitudes about programming and ICT in education. In ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 41(3), 258-262.
Fessakis, G., Gouli, E., & Mavroudi, E. (2013). Problem solving by 5-6 years old kindergarten children in a computer programming environment: A case study. Computers & Education, 63, 87-97.
Flannery, L. P., Silverman, B., Kazakoff, E. R., Bers, M. U., Bontá, P., & Resnick, M. (2013). Designing ScratchJr: support for early childhood learning through computer programming. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children. 1-10
Haddad, W., & Jurich, S. (2002). ICT for education: Potential and potency. Technologies for education: Potential, parameters and prospects. UNESCO and Academy for Educational Development, 28-40.
Heppner. P. P., & Peterson, C. H. (1982). The development and implication of a personal problem solving inventory. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 29, 66-75.
Heppner. P. P. (1988). The Problem-Solving Inventory. Manual .Palo Alto.CA: Consulting Psychologies Press.
Hood, C. S., & Hood, D. J. (2005). Teaching programming and language concepts using LEGOs®. In ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 37(3), 19-23.
Jang, I. O., & Lew, H. C. (2014). Case studiesin thinking processes of mathematically gifted elementary students through Logo programming,”. Work, 4, 9.
Jang, I. O., & Lew, H. C. (2014). Case studiesin thinking processes of mathematically gifted elementary students through Logo programming,”. Work, 4-9.
Kalelioglu, F., & Gulbahar, Y. (2014). The Effects of Teaching Programming via Scratch on Problem Solving Skills: A Discussion from Learners' Perspective. Informatics in Education, 13(1).
Kanekar. AS., & Sharma. M. (2012). Instructional strategies for developing problem solving skills among upper elementary shool- children –A theory-baised approach. Webmed Central behavior, 3(3),
Khosravi, Z., Dervizheh, Z., & Rafati, M. (1377). The role of mood modes on the way female students evaluate their ability to solve problems. Thesis and Behavioral Phd dissertation. 4(1), 35-45 [In Persian].
Mayer, R. E. (2013). Teaching and learning computer programming: Multiple research perspectives. Routledge.
Oakley, J., & McDougall, A. (1997). Issues in the preparation of teachers of programming for children. In Information Technology, 108-114 Springer US.
Perla, E., O’ & Donnel, B. (2004). Encouraging problem solving in orientation and mobility. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 98, 47-52.
Perlman, R. (1976). Using computer technology to provide a creative learning environment for preschool children. In MIT AI Lab Memo 36, Logo Memo 24. Cambridge, MA, USA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Retrieved 20, 6, 12.
Rastgoo, A., Naderi, E., Shariatmadari, A., & Seif Naraghi, M. (2010). The Effect of Internet Information Literacy Education on Student Problem Solving Skills, A New Approach in Educational Education, 1(4), 1-22 [In Persian].
Salami, M., Hosseinpour, M., & Attari, Y. (2010). Evaluate the effectiveness of problem solving skills in a way Dzvrlav and Gldfryd the parent-child conflicts between students in city high school freshman PA; Journal of New Thoughts on Education, 5(2) 31-47 [In Persian[.
Strawhacker, A., Lee, M., Caine, C., & Bers, M. (2015) ScratchJr Demo: A coding language for Kindergarten. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, 414-417 ACM.
