The aim of this mixed-method study was to find out the changes occurring in the translation of novels to film and identify the most frequently used strategies. For this purpose, through a close reading of each part of the novel, Austen’s pride and prejudice, and comparing it with the text of the adapted American film directed by Wright, the needed data were collected and statistically analyzed. Specifically, 13 scenes lasting from one minute to one minute and thirty seconds were analyzed. Each scene was subdivided into shots, and then into the signs by which the filmmaker had transformed the literary work into film. Two theoretical approaches including the layered semiotics of Sojoodi and the theory of Farahzad were used to compare the signs. The obtained results indicated that in rendering Pride and Prejudice to its adapted film, the percentages of used strategies were as follows: creation (%53.06), omission (%28.57), and repetition (% 18.36). تفاصيل المقالة

Translation of cultural-specific items (CSIs) has always been a challenge for translators. To overcome this problem, translators employ different strategies. The purpose of the current study was to analyze Culture-Specific Items (CSIs) in an English translation of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland based on Venuti’s Domestication/Foreignization dichotomy. The design of the study was a descriptive one. Thus, the translation strategies used in the translations were identified and compared. The results indicated that domestication was the most pervasive strategy in the translation of Pirzad and Haran. Contrasting each ST-TT pair of the first part of the corpus, seventy-one examples of culture–specific samples were manually collected and systematically classified into six procedures of domestication strategy including Explanation, Addition, Cultural Equivalence, Cultural Adjustment, Deletion, Syntactic Adjustment, and three procedures of foreignization strategy; namely, Transliteration (loan word), Literal translation, and Calque. The findings revealed that domestication was far more frequently used in TT1 (93/13%) compared to foreignization (6/83%), while in TT2, domestication (87/64%) was more frequent compared to foreignization (12/31%). The most frequent culture-specific items in TT1 and TT2 related to this category were idioms, measuring systems, and food. تفاصيل المقالة

The present study examines the picture of women in Winterson’s Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit and Woolfolk Cross’s Poe Joan and shows how the writers redefine what makes femininity and the notion of female subjectivity in their novels. To do so, Judith Butler’s theory of performativity is used to provide a clear portrait of the female characters in these works. In addition to an in-depth analysis of the relationship between the opposite sexes, the study explores how women from different perspectives are related to each other. The two authors cry against any notion of masculine and feminine relations that justify and fixate on female subjugation and play down female characteristics and focus mainly on what contributes to shaping the female identity. Through the lens of Butlerian performativity, it is revealed that Winterson and Woolfolk unanimously depict a different feminine identity that crosses the boundary of typical female figures and renders a new persona for them that fits with no usual portrait of women in male-centered societies. تفاصيل المقالة