Subscriber service is not feasible in the construction of large-scale traditional networks with the aim of providing more services. The high distance between production and consumption requires the definition of a transmission network as a challenging intermediary. The cost of transmission network and the risk associated with it cannot be ignored at all. The idea of a microgrid, which began with the local feeding of loads, can improve the reliability of the previous power system and, in addition, deliver the power to customers with more quality. Microgrids are the key to achieve low carbon networks by collecting distributed generation (DG) resources. Power management in the form of a microgrid causes other sensitivities. The need for storage systems besides the power intermittency of DGs, unintended islanding, and the protection of microgrids, especially in the island state, are the main issues discussed in this paper in a coherent format. This research work is a detailed reference for microgrids mainly in protection issues related to the islanded ones. تفاصيل المقالة

Recent increment in carbon emission due to the dependency on fossil fuels in power generation sector is a critical issue in the last decade. The motivation to Distributed Generation (DG) in order to catch low carbon networks is rising. This research seeks to experience DG existence in local energy servicing in microgrid structure. Optimal sizing and placement of DG units is followed by this paper for simultaneous power loss reduction and voltage profile improvement. Optimization is solved by applying Limited Constraint Method (LCM) for converting of multi-objective problem to single-objective one. A typical Genetic Algorithm (GA) is presented from the array of artificial intelligence methods for solving the optimization problem. The algorithm is implemented on the IEEE 33 buses standard network. This study is presented in two scenarios, primarily to elaborate the effect of location and determination of DGs has been done to reduce losses and improve the voltage profile. Secondly, the research shows the necessity to load modeling in case of DG presence in networks. تفاصيل المقالة

Turning to Renewable Energy Sources (RES) is the most logical politics in securing the modern society from critical changes in earth increasing temperature. However, Distributed Generation (DG) sources could lead to new challenges in electricity network, mainly allocation of DG sources in distribution level of power system will set the existing network under stress of power flow parameters. The generated alternation in lines current, voltage profile and power loss will make a mutation in operator optimal decision. This paper will present a detailed survey on DG impact on power flow components violation. Also, some advanced issues such as difficulty in transformers tap changer, capacitors and power quality problems (i.e. intermediate harmonic interference, transient over voltage) will be addressed by the paper. The research shows a necessity to multi-level load consideration in active distribution networks due to DG existence. The study clarifies main problems in DG application from electricity distribution system operator aspect. تفاصيل المقالة