Environmental degradation has become a significant topic in the realm of economic development in recent years. Therefore, the main objective of the present research is to examine the influence of natural resource rent and political stability on the environmental degradation index in selected developing countries between the years 2006 and 2020. This study aims to achieve practical objectives and adopts an analytical-inferential approach methodologically. The research methodology is of a correlational nature based on its essence and content. The statistical population includes all developing countries. In this study, a random sampling method is employed to determine the sample size, and it involves a case study spanning the years from 2006 to 2020, with a sample of 20 developing countries. Data collection is facilitated through the utilization of databases. For data analysis and result derivation, Eviews 9 and Excel 2010 software have been utilized. The findings of the current research indicate a significant relationship between the impact of natural resource rent and political stability on the environmental degradation index in the selected developing countries using a combined data approach. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that natural resource rent, energy intensity, and urban population have a positive and meaningful impact on the environmental degradation index in the developing countries. تفاصيل المقالة

The purpose of this research is to identify possible and superior marketing strategies of Arad Rastin Adib Dana Company and to test the effect of superior strategies on its profitability based on the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) approach. For this purpose, the SWOT matrix of internal and external factors related to the process of formulating marketing strategies of Arad Rastin Adib Dana Company was prepared. Based on the obtained scores, it was determined that the strengths of this company have gained more total scores than the weaknesses. Also, the evaluation of the matrix of external factors showed that the total scores of the factors related to the opportunities of Arad Rastin Adib Dana Company were higher than the total scores of its threats. Finally, based on the matrix of internal and external factors, the superior marketing strategies of Arad Rastin Adib Dana company with an aggressive nature and the growth and development of sales activity for this company have been identified and based on Walker et al.'s model (2003) in the form of 4 types of market penetration strategies, Market development, product development and diversification were arranged and suggested. The results of the analysis of the QSPM approach confirmed and emphasized the use of internal capacities for internal development instead of the integration strategy (competitor purchase). In the second part of this research, the results of the hypothesis test also showed that the strategies resulting from the SWOT analysis and the QSPM approach have a significant effect on the profitability of Arad Rastin Adib Dana Company. تفاصيل المقالة

This study aimed to recognize the impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and interest rates on the index of economic freedom in Iran. The research method was practical and descriptive-analytical. The vector auto regression model was used for examining the research model and the Johansen- Juselius procedure was applied for determining the coefficients in the long-run situation. The statistical sample was related to macroeconomic variables and the index of economic freedom in Iran between1996-2019. Fluctuations of the real foreign exchange rate (RER) and real interest rate (RIR) were the independent variables of the study. The dependent variable was the economic freedom index (EFI). Financial development (FIN) and foreign direct investment (FDI) were the control variables. The data were analyzed using Eviews 10 and Excel 2016. The results indicated that fluctuations in the foreign exchange rates and interest rates have a significant impact on the economic freedom index of the country; i.e. as instabilities increase in the economic sections of the country, the economic freedom index decreases. تفاصيل المقالة

The present research sought to evaluate the impact of financial development and human capital on gross domesticproduct (GDP) growth. A descriptive and correlational study was conducted. Data collection was done using the WorldBank and the International Monetary Fund data to analyze the relationship between variables. Post-event (semiexperimental) research design was applied. The current research pursued a library, analytical-causal study based onpanel data analysis. The statistical population consisted of all oil-producing countries as a case study from 2006 to2020. Ten oil-producing countries were selected as the statistical sample. The results revealed that human capitalpositively and significantly affect the GDP growth of oil-producing countries. Also, a significant correlation wasobserved between financial development and GDP growth of oil-producing countries. تفاصيل المقالة

Today, the automotive industry is considered one of the strategic options for economic development. This industry plays an important role in the economic cycle of countries and has a special place in the world financial services industry. One of the most important competitive tools in this industry is the impact of macro variables on production profitability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of fluctuations in economic variables affecting the profitability of IranKhodro Manufacturing Company. In this study, to test the hypotheses, the information of IranKhodro's high-circulation cars in the period between 2013-2019 was used. Independent research variables include exchange rate, inflation rate, order price, and imported cars. After calculating the required variables, a composite data regression model was used to test the hypotheses. To choose between the methods of combined regression patterns and panel data patterns, the Limer F test was used. The panel data method was selected and it was necessary to perform the Hausman test, which also confirmed the use of a fixed-effects pattern. The results of the research hypotheses showed that there is a significant relationship between exchange rate trends, inflation rate, mandatory (mandatory) pricing and imported cars, and the profitability of IranKhodro's high-volume products. تفاصيل المقالة

The purpose of this study is to test the effect of foreign and domestic price shocks on the inflow of the capital market to Iran. To achieve this goal, first, the theoretical foundations and research background (internal and external studies) were studied, then the research model for Iran from the period 2000-to 2019 was estimated, and research hypotheses were tested. The results of the research, while confirming the hypotheses of the research, showed that exchange rate fluctuations have a negative and significant effect on the inflow of capital and transfer payments of a country. Inflation uncertainty, which indicates the inefficiency of economic policies in the country, has also been a negative factor in attracting the inflow of capital to Iran. Increasing capital stock and spot prices have a positive and significant effect on attracting capital inflows to Iran and transfer payments. Finally, some suggestions for increasing the inflow of capital investment are presented according to the research results. تفاصيل المقالة