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المقاله
1 - نقش زودخندانی در آلودگی میوه پسته به گونههای آسپرژیلوسو آفلاتوکسین در استان کرمانعلوم غذایی و تغذیه , العدد 43 , السنة 11 , تابستان 1393مقدمه: پستههای زودخندان از مهم ترین منابع آلودگی پسته به آفلاتوکسین در باغ و مراحل فرآوری این محصول به شمار میروند. در این پژوهش ویژگیهای مختلف پستههای ترکخورده و میزان آلودگی آنها به قارچها و آفلاتوکسین مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. مواد و روش ها: ویژگیهای مختلف پس أکثرمقدمه: پستههای زودخندان از مهم ترین منابع آلودگی پسته به آفلاتوکسین در باغ و مراحل فرآوری این محصول به شمار میروند. در این پژوهش ویژگیهای مختلف پستههای ترکخورده و میزان آلودگی آنها به قارچها و آفلاتوکسین مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. مواد و روش ها: ویژگیهای مختلف پستههای زودخندان شامل خصوصیات ظاهری، آلودگیبه قارچهای گروه AspergillusflavusوA. niger و مقدار آفلاتوکسین با روشهای مختلف مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایشات روی سه رقم تجاری پسته شامل اوحدی، کله قوچی و احمد آقایی از دو باغ مختلف انجام گرفت و نتایج حاصل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با استفاده از نرم افزار Mstatc تجزیه و تحلیل آماری شد. یافتهها:از نظر کلی بیشترین میزان آلودگی به گونههای مختلف قارچ آسپرژیلوس مربوط به پستههای زودخندان با پوست سبز خشک و نیمهخشک با دامنه تغییرات 1/4 تا 66/5% بود. پستههای زودخندان با پوست سبز خشک و نیمهخشک همچنین بیشترین فراوانی آلودگی به شبپره خرنوب (1/9-54/5%) و رنگگیری پوست استخوانی (30-86%) و کمترین وزن مغز (0-0/3 گرم در دانه) را به خود اختصاص دادند. میوههای پسته زودخندان با پوست نرم رویی نیز سطوح مختلفی از آلودگی را نشان دادند که میزان آلودگی قارچی در آنها از 0/75 تا 10/3%، شبپره خرنوب 1/5 تا 9/5% و میزان رنگگیری 21/5 تا 44/1 متغیر بود.این موضوع نشان دهنده اهمیت پستههای زودخندان و زمان تشکیل آنها در ریسک آلودگی میوه پسته به آفلاتوکسین میباشد. آلودگی به شبپرهخرنوب باعث افزایش سطوح آلودگی به قارچهای گروه A. flavusوA. niger شده بود. آلودگی به قارچها، شبپره خرنوب و مورچه باعث کاهش وزن مغز میوه های پسته گردیده بود.نتایج نشان داد که پوست سبز پسته عاری از آفلاتوکسینها میباشد، در حالیکه پوست استخوانی و مغز حاوی سطوح متفاوت آفلاتوکسینها بودند. مقایسه توانایی تولید آفلاتوکسین در جدایهها مشخص نمود که 67 درصد جدایهها تولید آفلاتوکسین های B1 و B2، 24 درصد تولید آفلاتوکسین B1 و 9 درصد قادر به تولید آفلاتوکسین نبودند. نتیجهگیری: استفاده از خصوصیات ظاهری و فیزیکی پستههای آلوده جهت جداسازی آنها در فرآوری و یا پس از آن می تواند در کاهش سطوح آلودگی پستههای فرآوری شده موثر واقع گردد. نتایج نشان دهنده نقش کلیدی برداشت زودتر در کاهش سطوح آلودگی و مقدار آفلاتوکسین میباشد. حدود 95 و 5 درصد از آفلاتوکسین اندازه گیری شده به ترتیب مربوط به مغز و پوست استخوانی بود و برای اندازهگیری دقیق آفلاتوکسین بهتر است پوست استخوانی از سنجشهای مربوطه حذف گردد. تفاصيل المقالة -
المقاله
2 - The Effect of Low Temperatures on Domestic and Wild Pistachio Rootstocks and Interspecific Hybrids Based on Physio-biochemical IndicesJournal of Nuts , العدد 2 , السنة 12 , بهار 2021In recent decades, spring frost considered a serious threat in pistachio production (Pistacia vera). Considering that, Iran is one of the most important centers of pistachio production and has the highest variety of pistachios in the world, the identification of domesti أکثرIn recent decades, spring frost considered a serious threat in pistachio production (Pistacia vera). Considering that, Iran is one of the most important centers of pistachio production and has the highest variety of pistachios in the world, the identification of domestic and wild different rootstocks and their crosses to reach cold-tolerant rootstocks could be one of the effective solutions to face the challenge of spring frost. In this study, cold tolerance was assessed in fourteen rootstocks of pistachio domestic species (Badami Zarand, Sarakhs and Qazvini), interspecific hybrids (Qazvini×Khinjuk, Qazvini×Mutica, Qazvini × Baneh Baghi, Qazvini × Atlantica, Qazvini× Integerrima), non-domesticated species (Atlantica (P. atlantica), Integerrima, Khinjuk, Sarakhs, Mutica (P. atlantica sub. mutica) and Baneh Baghi (P. mutica × P. vera)) and UCB1 hybrid rootstock at low temperatures (4, 0 and -4 °C) for 2 hours. This experiment was conducted in a factorial completely randomized design with three replications on one-year-old seedlings in greenhouse conditions. The results showed that the rate of ion leakage, malondialdehyde and injury index percentage was significant (p <0.01) and their values were decreased in the cold-tolerant rootstocks than the cold-sensitive rootstocks. The interaction between treatments showed that the temperature of - 4 °C caused a significant reduction in ion leakage and malondialdehyde in the cold-tolerant rootstocks. Proline was increased in the cold-tolerant rootstocks compare to cold-sensitive rootstocks. The results of cation leakage percentage were significant in temperature and rootstocks (p <0.01). The results showed that the highest percentage of cation leakage related to potassium and there was a positive and significant correlation between calcium and magnesium and cell membrane stability. According to the results, the most sensitive rootstock was UCB1, Integerrima, Khinjuk and Baneh Baghi, respectively. Hybrids Qazvini , Baneh Baghi, Khinjuk and Integerrima rootstocks were significantly reduced under low-temperature stress. Mutica, Qazvini×Mutica, Sarakhs, Qazvini, Qazvini×Atlantica rootstocks, improved physiological and biochemical traits and maintained cell membrane integrity and finally showed greater tolerance to frost and freezing temperatures, which can be considered in the breeding program. تفاصيل المقالة -
المقاله
3 - Effect of Dormex® Application on Flowering Time and Vegetative and Reproductive Characteristics of Akbari Pistachio CultivarJournal of Nuts , ستأتي المقالات قريبًاIn recent years, global warming and unusually warm winters have caused many problems for pistachio production in Iran. The effects of the Dormex® application were studied in a randomized complete block design with three treatments and three replications on the Akbari co أکثرIn recent years, global warming and unusually warm winters have caused many problems for pistachio production in Iran. The effects of the Dormex® application were studied in a randomized complete block design with three treatments and three replications on the Akbari commercial pistachio cultivar in Kerman province. Treatments included Dormex® 4%, Volk oil 4%, and control, all applied in mid-February. Flowering time, gum secretion, current branch length, and qualitative and quantitative yield characteristics were measured. Results showed that Volk oil and Dormex® spring treatments caused early flowering in the Akbari cultivar. The Dormex® 4% treatment significantly prolonged flowering time (8 days earlier than Volk oil 4%, and 12 days earlier than the control). Based on the results, Volk oil treatment increased gum secretion from buds and perennial shoots compared to the Dormex® treatment and control. The results of yield indices showed that the weight of clusters in the Dormex® 4% treatment was 2.3 times higher than the control and about 21% more than the Volk oil 4% treatment, showing a significant difference with the control. Dormex® and Volk oil treatments increased split nut percentage by 66 % and 88%, respectively, but there was no significant difference between them. Based on the results, the blank nut percentage in the Dormex® 4% treatment significantly increased compared to the control and Volk oil treatment by 33% and 41%, respectively. The length of current season growth in the Dormex® 4% treatment significantly increased by 68% compared to the control. The Volk oil 4% treatment had no significant effect on the length of current season growth compared to the control. تفاصيل المقالة -
المقاله
4 - The Evaluation of Three Commercial Pistachio Cultivars on UCB1-hybride Rootstock under Field ConditionsJournal of Nuts , العدد 5 , السنة 7 , بهار 2016Pistachio is the most important nut that is produced in Iran. Little research has been done to examine the effect of UCB1-hybride rootstock plants as tissue culture for pistachios (2011 in Toba company).This study aims to evaluate three pistachio varieties on UCB1 hybri أکثرPistachio is the most important nut that is produced in Iran. Little research has been done to examine the effect of UCB1-hybride rootstock plants as tissue culture for pistachios (2011 in Toba company).This study aims to evaluate three pistachio varieties on UCB1 hybrid rootstock. The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three treatment groups (including Ohadi, Akbari and Ahmadaghaii) in three replications in Mahan, Kerman. The results showed that the three treatment groups were affecting in terms of diameter of the top part of the graft, the branch length, and graft height and leaf area. In addition, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations were measured. Akbari showed better result. The rootstock affected the amount of nutrients absorbed in the three treatment groups. The Ahmadaghai cultivar had the highest compatibility to rootstock because of high concentration of elements. The Akbari cultivar had the lowest compatibility to the UCB1 hybrid rootstock. Correlation analysis revealed that correlation coefficients between the traits were significant. The leaf calcium percentage was correlated to the branch diameter. I On the other hand; increasing the amount of leaf calcium caused an increase in the branch diameter. Stem diameter increased the number of branches and tree canopy. تفاصيل المقالة