Supply chain management (SCM) addresses the management of materials and information across the entire chain from suppliers to producers, distributors, retailers, and customer. The theory of supply chain management suggests that lead time reduction is a pioneer to the use of market mediation to reduce transaction uncertainty in the chain, which can be conceptualized as the primary goal of supply chain management. In the past few decades, scholars gave ample attention about the impact of inventory on SCM. This paper relates to the development of a lot sizing model for a single component multiple delivery system with variable demand and lead time of a multinational transformer company. Two models and the modification were developed on the basis of the following assumptions. For first model distribution of demand is normal, distribution of procurement lead time is exponential and the quantity is coming in a single lot. For second model distribution of demand is normal distribution of ‘procurement’ and ‘administrative delay’ lead time is exponential and the quantity is coming in a single lot. Modification of the first model has been done by taking the effect of multiple deliveries in the models and correcting the Re-order point as obtained from the previous models. The results were observed by the second model and analysis has been done for different parametric conditions. The effect of multiple deliveries is also taken into account. The optimum re-order point and economic ordering quantity with various different inputs have been discussed. تفاصيل المقالة

Manufacturers around the globe are competing for the identification of innovative value propositions to survive in the competitive and complex market. This paper is intended to investigate implementation of Value Engineering (VE) technique into the product design concept for necessary changes in design of the humidifier system in order to lower unnecessary costs and to increase quality of the product. Humidifiers are used for ventilation and cooling the air at most houses in cities located in hot and dry areas. Value Engineering as a systematic attempt is used to increase efficiency of the product, and optimize the life cycle cost. This leads to a shift from traditional design towards new efficient designs. For this study, an 8 stage job plan is used for VE job plan. In this article, different components of humidifier were analyzed thoroughly and then numerous suggestions were made at the brainstorming sessions. Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) was also utilized at the first stage. Main findings lead to a conclusion that there were more suggestions at the brain storming session. Main findings lead to a conclusion that best suggestion for improved design of the humidifier is change the material of fan cover from galvanized iron to hard plastic or fiber plastic. تفاصيل المقالة

In this research, the factors affectinguniversity employees’ motivation and productivity are identified and classified in seven groups; the impact of each motivation factor on the productivity is presented by ANP fuzzy model.Eight universities in Iran were analyzed in this research work. The aim of this study is to explore the productivity of employees. This paper attempts to give new insights intodesigning the portfolio factors, motivating employees for productivity improvement by implementing BLP and ANP fuzzy models.The research results show that there is a positive and significant relationship among reward system, motivation factors, and human resources productivity. In addition, among the options of reward system, the factors of internal (inherent) reward, non-financial external reward, and financial external reward had the highestimpact on increasing motivation and productivity factors. At the next stage, a BLP model is designed according to the importance and impact of each reward system option on motivation and productivity factors and organization limitations, including budget, facilities, and conditions to design portfolio factors motivating employees with the aim of improving productivity. The research results show that actualizing performance evaluation, receiving the feedback from the results of doing tasks by different ways, providing an opportunity for all employees to progress, coordination between job specifications and employees’ abilities, and a manager competency are very critical for improving the organization productivity. تفاصيل المقالة