پروبیوتیک ها به عنوان استراتژی کنترل‌ زیستی پاتوژن‌های گوارشی مشترک منقله از غذا در ارتقاء امنیت غذایی مصرف کننده مورد توجه هستند. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی خصوصیات پروبیوتیکی و توانایی مهار پاتوژن‌های گوارشی منتقله از غذا توسط باکتری های اسید لاکتیکی جدا سازی شده از مجرای گوارش مرغ های بومی بود. در این مطالعه توانایی تحمل اسید و صفرا در 216 جدایه اسید لاکتیکی بررسی گردید و 13 جدایه برتر به منظور توالی یابی ژن 16 S rRNA انتخاب شدند. سپس توانایی مهار پاتوژن‌های گوارشی مشترک بین انسان و طیور توسط جدایه های انتخابی بررسی گردید. بررسی ژن 16S rRNA در این مطالعه مشخص نمود که تمامی جدایه های متعلق به جنس های لاکتوباسیلوس بودند. از سیزده جدایه جدا شده، 7 جدایه متعلق به گونه لاکتوباسیلوس روتری ((Lactobacillus reuteri، 3 جدایه لاکتوباسیلوس کریسپاتوس (Lactobacillus crispatus) و 3 جدایه لاکتوباسیلوس سالیواروس (Lactobacillus salivarius) بودند. تمام جدایه ها قادر به تحمل3= pH به‌مدت 3 ساعت و توانایی تحمل 3/0 درصد صفرا بودند. از میان جدایه های مورد بررسی، 3 جدایه متعلق به گونه L.salivarius و یک جدایه متعلق به گونه L. reuteri، از توانایی بهتری جهت مهار پاتوژن‌های گوارشی مشترک بین انسان و طیور برخوردار بودند. این مطالعه مشخص نمود که پتانسیل پروبیوتیکی مناسب در شماری از جدایه های لاکتوباسیل جداسازی شده از روده مرغان بومی ایران در شرایط برون تنی (in vitro)، آن‌ها را تبدیل به کاندیدهای مناسبی در ترکیب مکمل های پروبیوتیکی جهت ارتقاء امنیت غذایی مصرف کننده پس از انجام آزمایش‌ها درون تنی (in ovo) می نماید. تفاصيل المقالة

Roles of probiotic microorganisms in digestive physiology are contributed to enhancing animals health and reducing the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases. Banning the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in poultry in many countries has been contributed to the increasing use of probiotics because long-term use of antibiotics causes antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria in poultry and subsequently in the man, the vaccines are also costly. Salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis and coccidiosis infections are the most common intestinal diseases in the poultry industry. The pathogens causing these diseases are Salmonella enteritidis, Campylobacter jejuni, and Eimeria tenella, respectively. Probiotics are able to control these diseases. Certainly, controlling the causes of these disease outbreaks will promote the public health. On the other hand, the probiotics increase bird resistance against the invasion of Eimeria that may lead to protect against coccidiosis. This review deals to the potential of lactic acid probiotic bacteria to control coccidiosis, campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis. تفاصيل المقالة

Chicken has been used as a suitable model for lipid metabolism studies, because dietary modifications especially dietary fat type can change chicken body composition. Fats act as a condense source of energy and certain fatty acids such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are required for both animal and human health. The n-3 PUFAs, especially, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are well known for their favourable effects on human health. The n-3 PUFAs act as feed originated modulators of fatty acid oxidation and are feedback inhibitors of new fatty acid synthesis. This regulatory mechanism not only decreases overall liver lipid content and VLDL secretion, but also removes excessive very long-chain PUFA from cell membranes that may cause oxidant stress or damage membrane integrity. This paper reviews in brief the most important metabolic effects of PUFA in chickens. تفاصيل المقالة

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are natural constituents of meat and dairy products from ruminants, originating from bacterial biohydrogenation in the rumen. CLA supplementation increases the health benefits of animal-derived foods. There are inconsistent reports of the effects of dietary CLA on chicken’s performance; however, the majority of previous reports cite anti-lipogenic effects of CLA. Diets could be formulated to increase n-3 fatty acid (FA) concentration in chicken meat by feeding n-3 FAs as a replacement for n-6 FA rich ingredients. Off-flavors and the chances of oxidative deterioration during storage of meat have been attributed to highn-3 FA levels in poultry diets. An approach to increase the n-3 FA content and decrease the n-6/n-3 FAs ratio in meat, using conjugated linoleic acid in diets, has been suggested. This review deals with the main topics of CLA metabolic effects in chickens. تفاصيل المقالة

Enterococci are members of the lactic acid bacteria family and are responsible for many food spoilage and fermentations. Some strains of this microorganism are used as probiotics in humans and animals to improve host immunity. However, some Enterococci are important pathogens which cause severe infections. Some strains of Enterococci are resistant to common antibiotics. The Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis strains are more common probiotics. Such probiotics are used as an alternative to growth promoting antibiotics, which their use has been restricted. In domestic animals, enterococcal probiotics are mostly used to cure or prevent pathogen infections and immune response and growth performance improvement. This review covers the reports on the application of Enterococcus genus as a functional probiotic in poultry. The results suggest that Enterococcus faecium is a safe probiotic and improve the immune system and performance of broiler chickens. تفاصيل المقالة