پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر هشت هفته تمرین هوازی به تنهایی یا همراه با مکمل یاری عصاره دانه انگور بر بیان VEGF و VEGFR-2 در بافت قلب رت های دیابتی شده با استرپتوزوسین (STZ) اجرا شده است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع بنیادی و تجربی می باشد. تعداد 32 سر رت ویستار نردیابتی به صورت تصادفی در چهار گروه هشت تایی شامل گروه های کنترل، مکمل، تمرین و تمرین+ مکمل تقسیم شدند.دیابت نوع1 با تزریق STZ به میزان 55 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن القا شد. برنامه تمرین هوازی به مدت هشت هفته و پنج جلسه در هفته با شدت هفتاد درصد اجرا شد. مصرف عصاره هسته انگور نیز به صورت روزانه بود. بعد از دوره تمرینی موش ها کشته شده و بافت قلب جدا شد. بیان ژن های VEGF و VEGFR-2 در بافت قلب اندازه گیری شد. یافته های حاضر نشان داد که بیان VEGF بافت قلب در گروه های تمرین، مکمل و تمرین+مکمل در مقایسه با گروه کنترل به صورت معناداری بیشتر است (05/0 > p). علاوه بر این، بیان VEGFR-2 در گروه های تمرین و تمرین+مکمل در مقایسه با گروه کنترل و مکمل افزایش معناداری را نشان داد (05/0 >p ). نتایج حاضر نشان داد که تمرین هوازی به تنهایی و همراه با مکمل یاری عصاره هسته انگور نقش مهمی در افزایش بیان عوامل آنژیوژنیک در بافت قلب رت های دیابتی نوع1 دارد. باوجود این، مصرف عصاره هسته انگور به همراه تمرین هوازی نمی تواند تاثیر سینرژیک بر بیان VEGF و VEGFR-2 داشته باشد. تفاصيل المقالة

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زمینه و هدف: پوکی استخوان در سالمندی از شایع ترین بیماری های متابولیکی استخوان است. از این رو هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثر هشت هفته تمرین تناوبی شدید (HIIT) و تداومی با شدت متوسط (MICT) همراه با عصاره بهار نارنج (CA) بر آلکالین فسفاتاز استخوانی (BALP) و استئوکلسین (OCN) در بافت فمور موش¬های صحرایی ماده سالمند بود. مواد و روش¬ها: در این مطالعه تجربی 42 سر موش صحرایی ماده سالمند به طور تصادفی به گروه¬های (1) کنترل (C) (2) MICT، (3) HIIT، (4) MICT+CA، (5) HIIT+CA، (6) CA و (7) گروه شم (نرمال¬سالین) (Sham) تقسیم شدند. تمرینات HIIT با شدت 85% تا 110% VO2max و تمرینات MICT با شدت 65% VO2max انجام شد؛ مصرف بهار نارنج به میزان mg/kg/day 300 بود. نتایج: در گروه¬های CA، MICT، HIIT HIIT+CA و MICT+CA مقادیر BALP و OCN استخوانی بیشتر از گروه C بود (001/0=P). همچنین BALP در گروه MICT+CA بیشتر از گروه¬های CA، HIIT، MICT و HIIT+CA بود. مقادیر OCN در گروه MICT بیشتر از گروه HIIT بود (001/0=P). اما در گروه HIIT و MICT بیشتر از گروه¬های HIIT+CA و MICT+CA بود (001/0=P). نتیجه¬گیری: به نظر می¬رسد هرچند تمرین HIIT، MICT و CA هم به تنهایی و هم به طور تعاملی در بهبود متابولیسم استخوان موثر هستند، اما اثر تمرینات ورزشی به مراتب قوی¬تر از اثرات CA بر استئوپروز است. تفاصيل المقالة

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological, progressive and debilitating disease in young adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-week aerobic training with restricted blood flow on static balance, thigh strength, and thigh hypertrophy in females with MS. Methods: 19 females with MS disease (age= 56.11±7.43 years and BMI= 22.78±1.78 kg.m-2) were selected and divided randomly into four groups: aerobic training (A), blood flow restriction (BFR), combination aerobic training and blood flow restriction (COM), and control group (C). Before and after 8 weeks of aerobic training (45 min aerobic training with 50- 60% HRmax) and restricted blood flow; the balance, thigh strength and hypertrophy were measured. Paired sample t-test, two-way repeated measure ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used to analyze statistical data (p≤0.05). Results: The results showed significant difference between groups in balance (p= 0.02), thigh strength (p= 0.001), and hypertrophy (p= 0.04). Post hoc test showed a significant difference between the COM and C groups (p = 0.003) and COM and BFR groups (p = 0.03); but the COM group didn’t have better balance scores than the A (p=0.37) and BFR (p=0.15) groups. Also in thigh strength there was a significant difference between the COM and A group (p = 0.008) and between the COM and C group (p = 0.001); but the COM group didn’t have better thigh strength than BFR (p=0.08) group. Also there was a significant difference between COM and C group in hypertrophy (p = 0.02). Conclusion: According to the results aerobic training with blood flow restriction leads to increased balance, strength and thigh hypertrophy in MS patients so this approach can be taken instead of traditional aerobic training to decrease disability in MS patients. تفاصيل المقالة

Introduction: New lifestyle is one of the most important causes of increased prevalence of diabetes due to inappropriate nutrition, consecutive stress, and lack of physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high- fiber diet and aerobic exercise on fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and BMI in diabetic overweight women. Methods: 41 overweight females with type 2 diabetes (aged between 40- 60) were selected to participate in the study. Patients were randomly divided into four groups including (control, high-fiber diet, aerobic exercise, and high-fiber diet+ aerobic exercise). The high fiber diet group consumed 25-30 gr fiber daily during 12 weeks. The aerobic exercise intensity was 60% of maximum heart rate, and each session took 20- 45 minutes (every two weeks 5 minutes was added). High-fiber diet + exercise group did the aerobic exercises, in addition to receiving 25-30 gr fiber in a day. The control group had no regular exercise activities or a special diet. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) samples were taken before and after the test. Data was analysed by Mann-Whitney U-test and Covariance analysis tests. Results: The results of the study showed a significant reduction in HbA1c in the exercise group and in the high- fiber diet + exercise group compared to the control group (p=0.001). There were no significant differences in fasting blood glucose in the experimental groups compared to the control group (p=0.482). BMI changes were significantly higher in both control, and high- fiber diet + exercise groups (p=0.050). Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that aerobic exercise can solely or combined with a high-fiber diet relieve the chronic symptoms of diabetes. Also, BMI could have a significant decrease due to exercise and high-fiber diet. As a result, it seems that a regular exercise program and a high-fiber diet can be a part of prevention and treatment of diabetes. تفاصيل المقالة

Introduction: The aim of this research was to study the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training with ginger supplementation on plasma visfatin and lipid profile in obese men. Methods: Forty volunteer middle-aged obese men were divided randomly into four equal groups (n=10) including; placebo, ginger supplement, aerobic training and aerobic training with ginger supplement. Aerobic training consisted of eight weeks, three sessions per week and intensity of 55-65 percentage of maximum heart rate. Ginger supplementation consisted of 3 gr ginger consumption as capsule, three times before each meal for eight weeks. Changes of plasma levels of visfatin and lipid profile were assayed before and after eight weeks. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test and Tucky’s post-hoc comparison (p<0.05). Results: There was significant difference between groups in plasma levels of visfatin (p=0.03), VLDL (p=0.01) and TG (p=0.03). The observed difference was related to placebo and aerobic training with ginger supplement groups. Conclusion: It seems that eight weeks of aerobic training with ginger supplementation may improve some cardiovascular risk factors in middle-agesd obese men. تفاصيل المقالة

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recently very common; however, there is no definitive treatment for it. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of nonlinear resistance training with curcumin supplement on liver enzymes in men with non- alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: Forty-eight men with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (mean age: 38.24 ± 6.59 years and BMI: 29.27 ± 4.43 kg.m-2) were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups including resistance training (RT), resistance training with curcumin supplement (RTCS), curcumin supplement (CS) and placebo (P). Before and after the protocol blood samples were taken to investigate the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), paired sample t- test and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the data (p<0.05). Results: The results indicated significant difference between groups in ALT (p=0.0001) and AST (p=0.0001) levels following 12 weeks of exercise and supplement interventions. Post-hoc multiple comparison of ALT and AST was significant between RT and RTCS groups with CS and P groups (p=0.0001). ALP levels was not significantly different between groups (p=0.05). Conclusion: It seems that nonlinear resistance training with curcumin supplement improves the liver enzymes in men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. تفاصيل المقالة

Introduction: Football match is an interval sport, with intense explosive attempts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a bout of high- intensity interval exercise on muscle injury markers in male soccer players. Methods: Nineteen male soccer players with mean age: years; BMI: 21.80±2.44 kg.m-2 and VO2max 62.16±4.89 ml.kg-1.min-1 were selected purposefully and divided randomly into experimental and control groups. Copenhagen football test was taken from experimental group and control group had no activity at that time. 24 hours before and after the test, blood samples were drawn from all subjects to assay creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Data were analyzed using independent sample and paired sample t-tests (p≤0.05). Results: The results showed that serum CK (p=0.001) and LDH (p=0.021) levels increased significantly after the Copenhagen football protocol. Conclusion: intense interval sports activities, such as what happens in a football match, result in muscle damage in the players. Therefore, such exercises can be used for football players adaptation for the tournament and reduce the recovery time after that. Observing the increased markers of muscular damage due to Copenhagen soccer protocol, indicates that intensive interval exercise like whatever occurs in a soccer match, may lead to muscular damages in players. تفاصيل المقالة