BACKGROUND: Knowing about seed yield and its components plays an important role for being successful in evaluative programs. For optimization of crop production, sowing at the appropriate time to fit the cultivar maturity length and growing season is critical. OBJECTIVES: Current study was done to assess the effect of different planting date and density on seed yield, its components and harvest index of breed Wheat. METHODS: This research was carried out via split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The treatments included four planting dates (November 6th and 21st, December 6th and 21st) and different density (300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 seed per square meter). RESULT: According result of analysis of variance effect of planting date, density and interaction effect of treatments on all measured traits (instead number of seed per spikelet) was significant. Delay in planting caused the number of spikes per m2, number of seeds per spike, 1000-seed weight and seed yield from 493.3 spikes, 46.2 seeds, 32.2 grams and 6964 kg.ha-1 on the planting date of 30 November to 493.3 spikes, 40 seeds, 28.5 grams, 4831.6 kg.ha-1 should be reduced on 30 December. Assessment mean comparison result of interaction effect of treatments indicated maximum seed yield (7298.7 kg.ha-1) was noted for 6 Nov. and 500 plant per m2 and lowest one (4235.2 kg.ha-1) belonged to 6 Dec. and 700 plant per m2 treatment. CONCLUSION: Generally based on result of current research planting date in domain sixth until twenty-first of November with density of 500 plants per m2 had the highest crop production and it can advise to farmers under studied region. تفاصيل المقالة

Chemical fertilizers have several negative impacts on environment and sustainable agriculture. Therefore, bio fertilizers are recommended in these conditions and growth prompting bacteria uses as a replacement of chemical fertilizers. Symbiotic bacteria have positive role in the production of bio-fertilizers and hormones which play a significant role in regulating plant growth while mixing them with chemical fertilizers as a supplement the level and depth of the roots. This combination also increases the rate of water and nutrient absorbance which raise the rate of growth and photosynthesis. The inoculation of soil or crop with phosphate solubilizing/mineralizing microorganisms is therefore a promising strategy for the improvement of plant absorption of phosphorus and thereby reducing the use of chemical fertilizers that have a negative impact on the environment. This review has shown that phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) have tremendous potential as Bio-fertilizers. Mobilizing soil inorganic phosphate and increasing its bioavailability for plant use by harnessing soil PSM promotes sustainable agriculture, improves the fertility of the soil, and hence increases crop productivity. The use of PSM as microbial inoculants is a new horizon for better plant productivity. PSM technology can contribute to low-input farming systems and a cleaner environment. However, there is need to develop PSB technologies specific to various regions and this should be communicated to farmers in a relatively short time. By using phosphate solubilizing microorganisms in crop root zone and soil, the capability of phosphate availability through insoluble phosphate resources will increase and the efficiency of phosphate fertilizers such as superphosphate will improve. Biological phosphorus fertilizers are good substitutes for phosphate chemical fertilizers. They contain two phosphate solubilizing bacteria which dissolve the soil phosphorus using two mechanisms of organic acid and phosphatase acid secretion. تفاصيل المقالة