سازمان‌دهی فضایی، مرحله‌ای بسیار حائز اهمیت به‌خصوص در طراحی پلان‌های کارکردی است. جهت سازمان‌دهی کارکردی نیاز است فضاها به‌درستی جانمایی شوند. معماران در مراحل مختلف طراحی از سوابق طراحی بهره می‌برند. فرض اصلی این پژوهش مبتنی بر این موضوع است که می‌توان از سوابق طراحی، شاخص‌های لازم برای ارزیابی روابط فضایی پلان را در مرحله برنامه‌ریزی معماری استخراج نمود. هدف اصلی پژوهش به‌کارگیری دانش موجود در سوابق طراحی جهت ارزیابی سازمان‌دهی فضایی پیش از اجرا و پس از بهره‌برداری است. جهت انجام پژوهش 60 پلان اورژانس بیمارستان به‌عنوان جامعۀ آماری (سوابق طراحی) انتخاب شدند. شاخص‌های مرکزیت بینیت و نزدیکی برای تمامی حوزه‌های موجود در سوابق طراحی توسط نرم‌افزار سایتواسکیپ محاسبه شدند. تمرکز اصلی پژوهش بر سازمان‌دهی عملکردی اصلی‌ترین حوزۀ درمانی اورژانس (حوزۀ فوریت) قرارگرفته است. با محاسبۀ این شاخص‌ها مشخص شد که حوزۀ فوریت باید به نحوی سازمان‌دهی شود که بالاترین مرکزیت بینیت و نزدیکی را داشته باشد. تفاصيل المقالة

As s‌tudents spend one-third of their time at school, their health, comfort, and productivity are mos‌tly influenced by thermal condition and indoor air quality of classrooms. Regarding that manual window-opening is a common way for providing fresh air in classes and s‌tudents aren't allowed to change their uniform, position or control the windows during the lesson hours, providing thermal comfort in winters may cause a lack of fresh air and therefore, dissatisfaction. This article is trying to evaluate the indoor air quality, and thermal condition of the classrooms, in two typical classrooms for 15-16-year-old girls in Arak, Iran. The overall s‌tudy objective is to compare indoor microclimate measured parameters, with (1) s‌tudents' subjective judgment, collected through a ques‌tionnaire, and (2) s‌tandards and to inves‌tigate the effects of microclimate on the indoor environmental condition of classrooms. According to the results, the thermal sensation of the students depends on their clothing rate and their understanding of the thermal state. In contrast, their thermal satisfaction is affected by the amount of fresh air provided. In winter, because of closed windows, students are mostly dissatisfied with the air quality and, therefore, thermal comfort, while in spring that the indoor environmental conditions meet the standards; the students feel satisfied with the conditions. The results of this research show that the indoor environment of the classrooms is mainly influenced by internal loads; consequently, its thermal condition is not a defining parameter. تفاصيل المقالة

Hot and humid climate is one of the robust climates in the world. Vernacular architecture in this area answer to climate conditions with solutions, one of these solutions are windcatchers. Nowadays most of these windcatchers are closed because they are not responsive to current thermal comfort conditions. The reduction of wind speed and the lack of control over the entering hot weather can be considered as two main weaknesses of the windcatchers in these areas. This research suggested to install Damper and Fan to improve the performance of windcatchers in vernacular houses of Bandar-Kong. five windcatchers have been selected as case studies and their performance has been simulated and measured in 24 different modes: open windcatcher (past method), closed windcatcher (current state), windcatcher with valve and windcatcher with fan are four general modes wich are divided to 6 subset. Design Builder 7.0.0.116 is used for simulations. operative temperature is calculated for each space in 24 different modes. The results show that using fan and damper, increase thermal comfort hours from about 43 to 52 percent. Besides using fans and dampers can obviously reduce temperatures over 35degrees. تفاصيل المقالة