واکاوی نقش سرمایه اجتماعی در تشخیص فرصت های کارآفرینانۀ کشاورزی: کاربرد نرم افزار SmartPLS
Subject Areas : Family and social enterpriseمژگان خوش مرام 1 , Kiumars Zarafshani 2 , امیرحسین علی بیگی 3 , علی اصغر میراک زاده 4
1 - گروه توسعه و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی
2 - دانشیار گروه توسعه و آموزش کشاورزی، داشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی
3 - استادیار گروه توسعه و آموزش کشاورزی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی
4 - استادیار گروه توسعه و آموزش کشاورزی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی
Keywords: شبکه های اجتماعی, اشتغال, کارآفرینی کشاورزی, روابط قوی, روابط ضعیف,
Abstract :
اگر چه کشاورزی به عنوان یکی از مهمترین بخشهای اقتصادی کشور، از پتانسیل بالایی برای اشتغال خیل عظیم جمعیت بیکار کشور برخوردار است، اما ناتوانی افراد در تشخیص فرصتهای کارآفرینانه موجب شده که علیرغم وجود فرصتهای بیشمار در این بخش، سهم بخش کشاورزی از اشتغال کشور روز به روز کاهش یابد. لذا، در شرایط موجود بهبود قابلیت افراد برای تشخیص فرصتهای کارآفرینانه کشاورزی میتواند راهگشای بسیاری از مشکلات کشور باشد. در این میان، سرمایۀ اجتماعی به عنوان یک منبع غنی از اطلاعات این امکان را برای افراد به وجود میآورد که ترکیبات مختلفی از ابزار- هدف را برای تولید محصولات و یا خدمات جدید در بازارهای ویژه شناسایی نمایند. بنابراین، این مطالعه با هدف واکاوی نقش سرمایۀ اجتماعی در تشخیص فرصتهای کارآفرینانۀ کشاورزی در استان کرمانشاه انجام شد. جامعه آماری در این پژوهش، کلیۀ کارآفرینان بخش کشاورزی استان کرمانشاه بودند (136=N) که تعداد 102 نفر از آنان با استفاده از جدول نمونهگیری کرجسی و مورگان و به روش نمونهگیری طبقهای تصادفی با انتساب متناسب برای مطالعه انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی جمعآوری دادهها، پرسشنامۀ محققساختهای بود که روایی آن با استفاده از نظر متخصصان، میانگین واریانس استخراج شده و روایی تشخیصی و پایایی آن با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و پایایی ترکیبی مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. دادهها با استفاده از نرمافزارهای SPSS نسخۀ 23 و SmartPLS نسخۀ 3 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل از مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری نشان داد که مؤلفههای سرمایۀ اجتماعی (روابط قوی و روابط ضعیف) پیشبینیکنندههای اصلی تشخیص فرصت در بین کارآفرینان بخش کشاورزی استان کرانشاه بودند. یافتههای پژوهش حاضر در نهایت منجر به ارائۀ پیشنهادهای کاربردی برای برنامهریزان، سیاستگذاران و آموزشگران گردید تا به موجب آن نسبت به ترویج و تقویت هر چه بیشتر انسجام و سرمایۀ اجتماعی در میان افراد جامعه به منظور توسعه قابلیت تشخیص فرصتهای کارآفرینی در فرآیند کارآفرینی کشاورزی اقدام نمایند.
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