Exploring the Role of Social Capital in Agricultural Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition: Application of Smart PLS
محورهای موضوعی : Family and social enterpriseمژگان خوش مرام 1 , Kiumars Zarafshani 2 , امیرحسین علی بیگی 3 , علی اصغر میراک زاده 4
1 - گروه توسعه و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی
2 - دانشیار گروه توسعه و آموزش کشاورزی، داشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی
3 - استادیار گروه توسعه و آموزش کشاورزی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی
4 - استادیار گروه توسعه و آموزش کشاورزی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی
کلید واژه: Employment, social network, Agricultural entrepreneurship, strong tie, weak tie,
چکیده مقاله :
Although agriculture has a major role in economy, in general,and employment opportunities for unemployed population,in particular, limited ability of individuals to recognize entrepreneurialopportunities in agriculture has reduced the share ofagriculture in employment. Therefore, the enhancement of opportunityrecognition skills among individuals in the agriculturesector is believed to solve unemployment challenges. Socialcapital is a rich source of information that permits the individualsto identify different combinations of the means-ends in thecreation of new products or services for a particular market.Thus, this study sought to explore the role of social capitalcomponents in agricultural entrepreneurial opportunity recognitionin Kermanshah province. The statistical population of this studyconsisted of all agricultural entrepreneurs in Kermanshahprovince (N=136), 102 of them were selected as the sample ofthe study based on Krejcie and Morgan’s sampling table andthe use of a proportional stratified sampling method. The maininstrument in this study was a questionnaire whose validity wasconfirmed by a panel of experts; its average variance wasextracted, and its discriminant validity and reliability coefficientwas established by using a Cronbach's alpha as well as thecomposite reliability index. Data were analyzed by SPSSV23and Smart PLS3 softwares. The result of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) revealed that the social capital components(strong ties and weak ties) were the main predictors of opportunityrecognition among agricultural entrepreneurs in Kermanshahprovince. Findings of this study carry important implicationsfor agricultural policy makers and educators aiming to fostergreater inclusion and cohesion, and to increase transparencyand accountability, in order to develop the recognition and exploitationof entrepreneurial opportunities in the process ofpromoting agricultural entrepreneurship.
اگر چه کشاورزی به عنوان یکی از مهمترین بخشهای اقتصادی کشور، از پتانسیل بالایی برای اشتغال خیل عظیم جمعیت بیکار کشور برخوردار است، اما ناتوانی افراد در تشخیص فرصتهای کارآفرینانه موجب شده که علیرغم وجود فرصتهای بیشمار در این بخش، سهم بخش کشاورزی از اشتغال کشور روز به روز کاهش یابد. لذا، در شرایط موجود بهبود قابلیت افراد برای تشخیص فرصتهای کارآفرینانه کشاورزی میتواند راهگشای بسیاری از مشکلات کشور باشد. در این میان، سرمایۀ اجتماعی به عنوان یک منبع غنی از اطلاعات این امکان را برای افراد به وجود میآورد که ترکیبات مختلفی از ابزار- هدف را برای تولید محصولات و یا خدمات جدید در بازارهای ویژه شناسایی نمایند. بنابراین، این مطالعه با هدف واکاوی نقش سرمایۀ اجتماعی در تشخیص فرصتهای کارآفرینانۀ کشاورزی در استان کرمانشاه انجام شد. جامعه آماری در این پژوهش، کلیۀ کارآفرینان بخش کشاورزی استان کرمانشاه بودند (136=N) که تعداد 102 نفر از آنان با استفاده از جدول نمونهگیری کرجسی و مورگان و به روش نمونهگیری طبقهای تصادفی با انتساب متناسب برای مطالعه انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی جمعآوری دادهها، پرسشنامۀ محققساختهای بود که روایی آن با استفاده از نظر متخصصان، میانگین واریانس استخراج شده و روایی تشخیصی و پایایی آن با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و پایایی ترکیبی مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. دادهها با استفاده از نرمافزارهای SPSS نسخۀ 23 و SmartPLS نسخۀ 3 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل از مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری نشان داد که مؤلفههای سرمایۀ اجتماعی (روابط قوی و روابط ضعیف) پیشبینیکنندههای اصلی تشخیص فرصت در بین کارآفرینان بخش کشاورزی استان کرانشاه بودند. یافتههای پژوهش حاضر در نهایت منجر به ارائۀ پیشنهادهای کاربردی برای برنامهریزان، سیاستگذاران و آموزشگران گردید تا به موجب آن نسبت به ترویج و تقویت هر چه بیشتر انسجام و سرمایۀ اجتماعی در میان افراد جامعه به منظور توسعه قابلیت تشخیص فرصتهای کارآفرینی در فرآیند کارآفرینی کشاورزی اقدام نمایند.
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