ارزیابی پایداری بوم نظام های زراعی استان گلستان، ایران

Subject Areas : Farm Management

مجید رستمی ¹ , Hoda Mohammadi ²

1 - Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University ,
2 - Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University

Received: 2017-03-12 Accepted : 2017-11-13 Published : 2018-03-01

Keywords:

Abstract :

کشاورزی پایدار یک رویکرد جامع و مناسب برای تولید غذا، پوشاک، علوفه و سوخت مورد نیاز انسان است که نه تنها آسیبی به محیط زیست وارد نمی­سازد بلکه باعث تامین نیازهای جمعیت موجود و همچنین نسل­های بعدی خواهد شد و در عین حال به مفاهیمی همچون سلامت بوم­ نظامهای زراعی، عدالت اجتماعی و اقتصادی و سودآوری توجه دارد. بنابراین در هیچ کشوری مفهوم کشاورزی پایدار از توسعه پایدار تفکیک پذیر نیست. به منظور مطالعه پایداری بوم­نظامهای زراعی استان گلستان در دوره زمانی 1381 تا 1390 مطالعه حاضر انجام شد. داده­های مورد نیاز با استفاده از بانک­های اطلاعات آماری رسمی کشور جمع آوری شد. در هر سال ارزش عددی پایداری با استفاده از 21 شاخص مختلف محاسبه شد. از آنجا که شاخص­های مورد استفاده از لحاظ ماهیت و همچنین دامنه عددی بسیار با یکدیگر متفاوت بودند برای سهولت انجام مقایسه، همه شاخص­های محاسبه شده نرمال سازی شدند. بر اساس نتایج در طول دوره مورد مطالعه  پایداری کشاورزی به صورت معنی­داری افزایش یافت. کمترین میزان پایداری در اولین سال دوره مطالعه (سال 1381) مشاهده شد در حالی که بیشترین میزان پایداری برای سال 1388 محاسبه شد و در سالهای بعدی میزان پایداری بوم­نظام­های زراعی به میزان اندکی کاهش یافت. مهمترین دلایل بهبود پایداری در سال­های انتهایی دوره مطالعه کاهش مصرف نهاده­های شیمیایی (آفت­کش­ها و کودهای شیمیایی)، افزایش کارایی مصرف آب و نیتروژن، افزایش عملکرد محصولات مختلف به ویژه عملکرد محصولات دیم و همچنین افزایش سطح زیر کشت گیاهان تثبیت کننده نیتروژن بودند.

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