An Assessment of the Sustainability of Agricultural Systems in Golestan Province, Iran
محورهای موضوعی : Farm Management
مجید رستمی
1
(Department of Agronomy,
Faculty of Agriculture,
Malayer University ,)
Hoda Mohammadi
2
(Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University)
کلید واژه: water use efficiency, crop yield, agro-ecosystem, chemical inputs,
چکیده مقاله :
Sustainable agriculture is a holistic approach to produce food, fiber, feed and fuel in a way that does not damage the environment and also must meet the needs of the present and future population of the world, while considering agro-ecosystem health, social and economic equity and profitability. Therefore, the sustainable agriculture cannot be isolated from the concept of sustainable development in any country or region. The current survey was conducted in order to study the sustainability of agricultural systems in Golestan Province in the north of Iran during the period of 2002-2011. The required data were obtained from formal statistical database. The total numerical value of sustainability was calculated for individual years using 21 different indexes. Because of the diverse nature of the selected indexes and their wide range, they were normalized to facilitate their comparison. The results show that the agricultural sustainability has been increased significantly over the studied period. The lowest value of sustainability was observed in the first year of the studied period (i.e., 2002) but the highest value was calculated for 2009 and thereafter the sustainability of agro-ecosystem has decreased slightly. The improvement of sustainability could be attributed to the application of less chemical inputs such as pesticides and fertilizers, higher water and nitrogen use efficiencies, higher yield of different crops, especially dry land crops and the higher cultivation area of nitrogen fixing species.
کشاورزی پایدار یک رویکرد جامع و مناسب برای تولید غذا، پوشاک، علوفه و سوخت مورد نیاز انسان است که نه تنها آسیبی به محیط زیست وارد نمیسازد بلکه باعث تامین نیازهای جمعیت موجود و همچنین نسلهای بعدی خواهد شد و در عین حال به مفاهیمی همچون سلامت بوم نظامهای زراعی، عدالت اجتماعی و اقتصادی و سودآوری توجه دارد. بنابراین در هیچ کشوری مفهوم کشاورزی پایدار از توسعه پایدار تفکیک پذیر نیست. به منظور مطالعه پایداری بومنظامهای زراعی استان گلستان در دوره زمانی 1381 تا 1390 مطالعه حاضر انجام شد. دادههای مورد نیاز با استفاده از بانکهای اطلاعات آماری رسمی کشور جمع آوری شد. در هر سال ارزش عددی پایداری با استفاده از 21 شاخص مختلف محاسبه شد. از آنجا که شاخصهای مورد استفاده از لحاظ ماهیت و همچنین دامنه عددی بسیار با یکدیگر متفاوت بودند برای سهولت انجام مقایسه، همه شاخصهای محاسبه شده نرمال سازی شدند. بر اساس نتایج در طول دوره مورد مطالعه پایداری کشاورزی به صورت معنیداری افزایش یافت. کمترین میزان پایداری در اولین سال دوره مطالعه (سال 1381) مشاهده شد در حالی که بیشترین میزان پایداری برای سال 1388 محاسبه شد و در سالهای بعدی میزان پایداری بومنظامهای زراعی به میزان اندکی کاهش یافت. مهمترین دلایل بهبود پایداری در سالهای انتهایی دوره مطالعه کاهش مصرف نهادههای شیمیایی (آفتکشها و کودهای شیمیایی)، افزایش کارایی مصرف آب و نیتروژن، افزایش عملکرد محصولات مختلف به ویژه عملکرد محصولات دیم و همچنین افزایش سطح زیر کشت گیاهان تثبیت کننده نیتروژن بودند.
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