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Manuscript ID : JMW-2210-2039 (R1) Visit : 264 Page: 102 - 118

10.30495/jmw.2023.1968233.2039

Article Type: Original Research

Isolation and characterization of heavy metal resistant halophilic and halotolerant bacteria from the Lut desert

Subject Areas : Microbial Biotechnology

Nazanin Tavoosi 1 , Abbas Akhavan Sepahi 2 , Mohammad Ali Amoozegar 3 , Vahid Kiarostami 4

1 - 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
3 - Professor in Microbiology, University of Tehran
4 - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2023-05-09 Accepted : 2023-08-23 Published : 2023-09-06

Keywords: MIC, Halotolerant bacteria, Toxic heavy metal resistance, Keywords: Halophilic bacteria,          Bioremediation,

Abstract :

Background & Objectives: Heavy metal pollution has increased worldwide. Bioremediation of toxic heavy metals in saline environments with conventional microbiological treatment processes is not feasible. Therefore, the use of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria need to be considered for the remediation of saline ecosystems. This study aimed to isolate and characterize toxic heavy metal-resistant and halophilic/halotolerant bacteria from the Lut desert.Materials & Methods: After sampling, halophilic/halotolerant bacteria were isolated on Moderate Halophilic media. Morphological and biochemical characterizations of isolates were carried out. Each isolate's heavy metal resistance was identified by an agar dilution method and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC ) of each heavy metal was determined. Then, sixteen strains were randomly selected and subjected to 16S rRNA gene identification.Results: The least toxicities were found with selenite and arsenate on 74 selected isolates, while mercury exhibited the highest toxicity. The maximum MIC values of cadmium, copper, and  chromium were the same. Although, the MIC value of zinc was significantly less. The remarkable resistance toward lead, selenite, and arsenate was reported. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most strains belong to the Bacillaceae family and Bacillus genus. Conclusion: Selected halophilic/halotolerant bacteria from the Lut desert had considerable  resistance to heavy metals. Therefore, these strains could be considered for further investigations of the mechanisms involved in heavy metal resistance of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria or for bioremediation of polluted saline environments.  

References:


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  1. Zhang J, Wang Y, Shao Z, Li J, Zan S, Zhou S, Yang R. Two selenium tolerant Lysinibacillus sp. strains are capable of reducing selenite to elemental Se efficiently under aerobic conditions. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2019 Mar 1;77:238-49.
    2.
  2. Kalaimurugan D, Balamuralikrishnan B, Durairaj K, Vasudhevan P, Shivakumar MS, Kaul T, Chang SW, Ravindran B, Venkatesan S. Isolation and characterization of heavy-metal-resistant bacteria and their applications in environmental bioremediation. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2020 Mar;17(3):1455-62.
    3.
  3. Elahi A, Rehman A, Hussain SZ, Zulfiqar S, Shakoori AR. Isolation and characterization of a highly effective bacterium Bacillus cereus b-525k for hexavalent chromium detoxification. Saudi journal of biological sciences. 2022 Apr 1;29(4):2878-85.
    4.
  4. Abdel-Razik MA, Azmy AF, Khairalla AS, AbdelGhani S. Metal bioremediation potential of the halophilic bacterium, Halomonas sp. strain WQL9 isolated from Lake Qarun, Egypt. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. 2020 Mar 1;46(1):19-25.
    5.
  5. Amoozegar MA, Ghazanfari N, Didari M. Lead and cadmium bioremoval by Halomonas sp., an exopolysaccharide-producing halophilic bacterium. Progress in Biological Sciences. 2012 Mar 1;2(1):1-1.
    6.
  6. Ibrahim IM, Konnova SA, Sigida EN, Lyubun EV, Muratova AY, Fedonenko YP, Elbanna К. Bioremediation potential of a halophilic Halobacillus sp. strain, EG1HP4QL: Exopolysaccharide production, crude oil degradation, and heavy metal tolerance. Extremophiles. 2020 Jan;24(1):157-66.
    7.
  7. Mihdhir AA, Assaeedi AS, Abulreesh HH, Osman GE. Detection, identification and characterization of some heavy metals tolerant bacteria. J Microb Biochem Technol. 2016 Jun;8(3):226-30.
    8.
  8. Satyapal GK, Mishra SK, Srivastava A, Ranjan RK, Prakash K, Haque R, Kumar N. Possible bioremediation of arsenic toxicity by isolating indigenous bacteria from the middle Gangetic plain of Bihar, India. Biotechnology reports. 2018 Mar 1;17:117-25.
    9.
  9. Xu L, Xu XW, Meng FX, Huo YY, Oren A, Yang JY, Wang CS. Halomonas zincidurans sp. nov., a heavy-metal-tolerant bacterium isolated from the deep-sea environment. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. 2013 Nov 1;63(Pt_11):4230-6.
    10.
  10. Nieto JJ, Fernandez-Castillo R, Marquez MC, Ventosa A, Quesada E, Ruiz-Berraquero F. Survey of metal tolerance in moderately halophilic eubacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1989 Sep;55(9):2385-90.
    11.
  11. Noroozi M, Amoozegar MA, Pourbabaei AA, Naghavi NS, Nourmohammadi Z. Isolation and characterization of mercuric reductase by newly isolated halophilic bacterium, Bacillus firmus MN8. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management. 2017 Dec 1;3(4):427-36.
    12.
  12. Kafilzadeh F, Mirzaei N. Growth pattern of Hg resistant bacteria isolated from Kor River in the presence of mercuric chloride. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences: PJBS. 2008 Sep 1;11(18):2243-8.
    13.
  13. Ball MM, Carrero P, Castro D, Yarzábal LA. Mercury resistance in bacterial strains isolated from tailing ponds in a gold mining area near El Callao (Bolívar State, Venezuela). Current microbiology. 2007 Feb;54(2):149-54.
    14.

35. Zahran HH. Diversity, adaptation and activity of the bacterial flora in saline environments. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 1997 Sep;25(3):211-23.

_||_

 

  1. Wang J, Chen C. Biosorbents for heavy metals removal and their future. Biotechnology advances. 2009 Mar 1;27(2):195-226.
    2.
  2. Yadav A, Chowdhary P, Kaithwas G, Bharagava RN. Toxic metals in the environment: threats on ecosystem and bioremediation approaches. InHandbook of metal-microbe interactions and bioremediation 2017 Apr 7 (pp. 128-141). CRC Press.
    3.
  3. Fan J, Okyay TO, Rodrigues DF. The synergism of temperature, pH and growth phases on heavy metal biosorption by two environmental isolates. Journal of hazardous materials. 2014 Aug 30;279:236-43.
    4.
  4. Sall ML, Diaw AK, Gningue-Sall D, Efremova Aaron S, Aaron JJ. Toxic heavy metals: impact on the environment and human health, and treatment with conducting organic polymers, a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020 Aug;27(24):29927-42.
    5.
  5. Rawat AP, Giri K, Rai JP. Biosorption kinetics of heavy metals by leaf biomass of Jatropha curcas in single and multi-metal system. Environmental monitoring and assessment. 2014 Mar;186(3):1679-87.
    6.
  6. Voica DM, Bartha L, Banciu HL, Oren A. Heavy metal resistance in halophilic Bacteria and Archaea. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 2016 Jul 1;363(14).
    7.
  7. Erdoğmuş SF, Mutlu B, Korcan SE, Güven K, Konuk M. Aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by halophilic archaea isolated from Çamaltı Saltern, Turkey. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2013 Mar;224(3):1-9.
    8.
  8. Yazdi A, Emami MH, Shafiee SM. Dasht-e lut in iran, the most complete collection of beautiful geomorphological phenomena of desert. Open Journal of Geology. 2014 Jun 10;2014.
    9.
  9. Darabi M, Amoozegar MA, Mehrshad M, Zamani N, Shahzadeh Fazeli SA, Shavandi M. Molecular diversity of heterotrophic bacteria and archaea of Namakdan Cave in Qeshm. Journal of Microbial World. 2018 May 22;11(1):61-72. [In Persian]
    10.
  10. Seyedpour Layalestani SS, Shavandi M, Haddadi A, Amoozegar MA, Dastgheib SM. Bacterial community structure in saline sediments from hypersaline wetland in south of Halghe Dare hills, Alborz province. Journal of Microbial World. 2020 Nov 21;13(13):215-27. [In Persian]
    11.
  11. Kashi FJ, Owlia P, Amoozegar MA, Yakhchali B, Kazemi B. Diversity of cultivable microorganisms in the eastern part of Urmia salt lake, Iran. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences. 2021 Jan 6;2021:36-43.
    12.
  12. Shirsalimian MS, Amoozegar MA, Sepahy AA, Kalantar SM, Dabbagh R. Isolation of extremely halophilic Archaea from a saline river in the Lut Desert of Iran, moderately resistant to desiccation and gamma radiation. Microbiology. 2017 May;86(3):403-11.
    13.
  13. Amoozegar MA, Hamedi J, Dadashipour M, Shariatpanahi S. Effect of salinity on the tolerance to toxic metals and oxyanions in native moderately halophilic spore-forming bacilli. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2005 Oct;21(6):1237-43.
    14.
  14. Vreeland RH, editor. Advances in understanding the biology of halophilic microorganism. Springer Netherlands; 2012 Dec 14.
    15.
  15. Vos P, Garrity G, Jones D, Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Rainey FA, Schleifer KH, Whitman WB, editors. Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology: Volume 3: The Firmicutes. Springer Science & Business Media; 2011 Jan 28.
    16.
  16. Garabito MJ, Arahal DR, Mellado E, Marquez MC, Ventosa A. Bacillus salexigens sp. nov., a new moderately halophilic Bacillus species. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 1997 Jul 1;47(3):735-
    17.
  17. Baghi Sefidan H, Tarinejad A. Bioremediation of both mineral and organic mercury via the construction of recombinant vector pET28a(+)-merA-merB. Journal of Microbial World. 2018; 11(3): 230 -242. [In Persian]
    18.
  18. Marmur J. A procedure for the isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid from micro-organisms. Journal of molecular biology. 1961 Apr 1;3(2):208-IN1.
    19.
  19. Yoon SH, Ha SM, Kwon S, Lim J, Kim Y, Seo H, Chun J. Introducing EzBioCloud: a taxonomically united database of 16S rRNA gene sequences and whole-genome assemblies. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. 2017 May;67(5):1613.
    20.
  20. Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Oren A. Biology of moderately halophilic aerobic bacteria. Microbiology and molecular biology reviews. 1998 Jun 1;62(2):504-44.
    21.
  21. Jebelli MA, Maleki A, Amoozegar MA, Kalantar E, Gharibi F, Darvish N, Tashayoe H. Isolation and identification of the native population bacteria for bioremediation of high levels of arsenic from water resources. Journal of environmental management. 2018 Apr 15;212:39-45.
    22.
  22. Zhang J, Wang Y, Shao Z, Li J, Zan S, Zhou S, Yang R. Two selenium tolerant Lysinibacillus sp. strains are capable of reducing selenite to elemental Se efficiently under aerobic conditions. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2019 Mar 1;77:238-49.
    23.
  23. Kalaimurugan D, Balamuralikrishnan B, Durairaj K, Vasudhevan P, Shivakumar MS, Kaul T, Chang SW, Ravindran B, Venkatesan S. Isolation and characterization of heavy-metal-resistant bacteria and their applications in environmental bioremediation. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2020 Mar;17(3):1455-62.
    24.
  24. Elahi A, Rehman A, Hussain SZ, Zulfiqar S, Shakoori AR. Isolation and characterization of a highly effective bacterium Bacillus cereus b-525k for hexavalent chromium detoxification. Saudi journal of biological sciences. 2022 Apr 1;29(4):2878-85.
    25.
  25. Abdel-Razik MA, Azmy AF, Khairalla AS, AbdelGhani S. Metal bioremediation potential of the halophilic bacterium, Halomonas sp. strain WQL9 isolated from Lake Qarun, Egypt. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. 2020 Mar 1;46(1):19-25.
    26.
  26. Amoozegar MA, Ghazanfari N, Didari M. Lead and cadmium bioremoval by Halomonas sp., an exopolysaccharide-producing halophilic bacterium. Progress in Biological Sciences. 2012 Mar 1;2(1):1-1.
    27.
  27. Ibrahim IM, Konnova SA, Sigida EN, Lyubun EV, Muratova AY, Fedonenko YP, Elbanna К. Bioremediation potential of a halophilic Halobacillus sp. strain, EG1HP4QL: Exopolysaccharide production, crude oil degradation, and heavy metal tolerance. Extremophiles. 2020 Jan;24(1):157-66.
    28.
  28. Mihdhir AA, Assaeedi AS, Abulreesh HH, Osman GE. Detection, identification and characterization of some heavy metals tolerant bacteria. J Microb Biochem Technol. 2016 Jun;8(3):226-30.
    29.
  29. Satyapal GK, Mishra SK, Srivastava A, Ranjan RK, Prakash K, Haque R, Kumar N. Possible bioremediation of arsenic toxicity by isolating indigenous bacteria from the middle Gangetic plain of Bihar, India. Biotechnology reports. 2018 Mar 1;17:117-25.
    30.
  30. Xu L, Xu XW, Meng FX, Huo YY, Oren A, Yang JY, Wang CS. Halomonas zincidurans sp. nov., a heavy-metal-tolerant bacterium isolated from the deep-sea environment. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. 2013 Nov 1;63(Pt_11):4230-6.
    31.
  31. Nieto JJ, Fernandez-Castillo R, Marquez MC, Ventosa A, Quesada E, Ruiz-Berraquero F. Survey of metal tolerance in moderately halophilic eubacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1989 Sep;55(9):2385-90.
    32.
  32. Noroozi M, Amoozegar MA, Pourbabaei AA, Naghavi NS, Nourmohammadi Z. Isolation and characterization of mercuric reductase by newly isolated halophilic bacterium, Bacillus firmus MN8. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management. 2017 Dec 1;3(4):427-36.
    33.
  33. Kafilzadeh F, Mirzaei N. Growth pattern of Hg resistant bacteria isolated from Kor River in the presence of mercuric chloride. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences: PJBS. 2008 Sep 1;11(18):2243-8.
    34.
  34. Ball MM, Carrero P, Castro D, Yarzábal LA. Mercury resistance in bacterial strains isolated from tailing ponds in a gold mining area near El Callao (Bolívar State, Venezuela). Current microbiology. 2007 Feb;54(2):149-54.
    35.

35. Zahran HH. Diversity, adaptation and activity of the bacterial flora in saline environments. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 1997 Sep;25(3):211-23.

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