Study of the degree of development of East Azerbaijan cities by numerical taxonomy and cluster analysis
Subject Areas :
Journal of Iranian Social Development Studies
Jafar Ebrahimi
1
(faculty Member of Islamic Azad University - Khalkhal Branch.)
Mostafa Azkla
2
(Department of , Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.)
Samad Rasolzadeh Rasolzadeh
3
(Department of ,Azarbayjan, Tabriz, Iran.)
Received: 2018-07-25
Accepted : 2019-08-04
Published : 2019-04-21
Keywords:
East Azerbaijan province,
cluster analysis,
numerical taxonomy,
injustice,
Key words: development,
Abstract :
Abstract Since one of the main pillars of development is attention to equality and justice in the distribution of resources between different sectors of society, therefore, the concentration and inappropriate distribution of facilities and services in different regions have always been considered as one of the pitfalls of development, which requires a scientific review. In this research, the main goal was to study the degree of development of the cities of East Azerbaijan province. To achieve this goal, 31 indicators of development were assessed in three categories: socio-cultural, health, and economic and infrastructure in 20 cities. The methodology of this study is to classify the provinces based on numerical mal taxonomy and cluster analysis and also, the method of collecting is documentary information. The results of this study showed that, the cities of Tabriz, Marand and Maragheh are in high ranking of development, respectively, and the cities of Khadafrien and Charaymahq are in the last positions. The results of the research show that, the development rate in the western part of the province was higher than the eastern regions, and the level of development is in relation to the distance from the center, and access to rail and road transport lines.
References:
Ahangari, A. & Dalvand, M. (2005). Determination of Development Degree in Lorestan Province and its Comparative Comparison in Two Time Spaces 1994, 2003 Unpublished master thesis, University of Shahid Chamran. [Persian]
Ahmadi, H., Velayi Gari, A., Zali, N., & Zamanipour, M. (2017). Analysis of the gap between the cities of East Azarbaijan during the development path from 1996 to 2011, Geographic Space Journal, 17th period, 59, P.p:229- 253. [Persian]
Ahmadipour, Z., Mokhtari Heshi, H., Roknodin Eftekhari, A., & Vazin, N. (2007). Investigating the Trend of the Development of Political-Administrative Spaces in Iran (Case Study: Iran's Provinces in First to Third Development Plans (2004-2007)), Geopolitic Quarterly, 3 (1), sprin 2007. [Persian]
Asadzadeh, A., Imani, H., & Shali, M. (2014). Spatial Inequalities of Agricultural Development in East Azarbaijan Province, space economics and rural development quarterly, 2, P.p: 41-54. [Persian]
Bhatia, V. K., & Rai, S. C. (2004). Evaluation of socio-economic development in small areas. Indian Society of Agricultural Statistics, IASRI Campus, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi, 110, 012.
Binswanger, H. P., (2001). Income distribution effect of technical change: some analytical issues. South East Asian Economic Review, Vol.1, No. 3, P.p: 179-218.
Capello, R., Caragliu, A., & Nijkamp, P. (2009). Territorial capital and regional growth: increasing returns in cognitive knowledge use (No. 09-059/3). Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper.
Chalabi, M. (1996). Social Order.Tehran: Nashre Ney Publicatin. [Persian]
East Azerbaijan Governorate. (2015). Development document of East Azerbaijan province. First Volume. [Persian]
Ebrahimzadeh, I., Eskandari sani, M., & Esmailnezhad, M. (2010). Application of factor analysis in explaining the spatial pattern of development and underdevelopment of urban-regional in Iran, Geography and Development, 17, P.p:7-28. [Persian]
Fleisher, B., Li, H., & Zhao, M. Q. (2010). Human capital, economic growth, and regional inequality in China. Journal of development economics, 92(2), P.p: 215-231.
Folmer, H., & Heijman, W. (2005). Multi-dimensional regional inequality as an alternative allocation mechanism For EU Structural Funds remittances: The case of Spain and Hungary. The Annals of Regional Science, 39(2), P.p: 337-352.
Ghanbari, A. (2009). Determining the Degree of Development in West Azarbaijan Province. Second National Conference of Geographic Sciences. Payam Noor University of Urmiyeh, P.p: 20-32. [Persian]
Hadder, R. (2000). Development Geography, Routledge, London. Newyork, P: 3.
Harvey, D., (2009). Social Justice and the city; Geographies of Justice and Social Transformation. University of Georgia Press, revised edition, Athens.
Haughton, G., and Counsell, D., (2004). Regions, Spatial Strategies and Sustainable Development. Routledge.
Hekmatniya, H. & Mosavi, M. N. (2006). Application of the model in geography with emphasis on urban and regional planning of Yazd. Elm Novin Publication. [Persian]
Joao Oliveira, S., M. Manuela., C., Manuel Ferreira. (2000). a multivariate methodology touncover regional disparities: a contribution to improve European Union and Governmental Decisions. Departamento de Mathematical. Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia – U.N.L, Lisbon, Portugal.
Kerbo, H.R. (2003). Social stratification and inequality: class conflict in historical comparative and global perspective, London: Mc Graw_hill.
Khakpour, B., & Bavanpour, A. R. (2009). Analysis of inequality at development levels. Knowledge and Development of Mashhad’s regions Journal, 16th period, 27, P.p: 182-202. [Persian]
Khodapanah, K., & Beig Mohammadi, H. (2009). Evaluation and classification of rural areas in the central part of Ardabil city based on the level of development indicators. Geographic Space, 9th period, 26, P.p: 1-30. [Persian]
Kwokyam Cheng, S., (2000). Development of a Fuzzy Multi- criteria Decision Support System for Municipal Solid waste Managemen. Degree of master of manufacturing & production systems, University of Regina, Saskatchewan.
Momeni, M., & Sajed, A. (2014). Analysis of the development of East Azerbaijan city cities using numerical taxonomy. The Twelfth Congress of the Geographical Society of Iran, centered around the alignment of the land, an Iranian Islamic model of progress. Tehran. [Persian]
Nazmfar, H., Bakhtar, S., Alavi, S. (2015). Rating the rural development levels. (Case study: Kermanshah villages). Geography and Environmental Studies, 192, 14-181. [Persian]
Pit, R., & Hart, W. (2011). Development Theories. Translated by Mostafa Azkiya, Reza Safari Shomali, Esmail Rahmanpour, First volume. Tehran: Luye Publication.
Pomerol, J C., Romero, S B., (2000). Multi-criterion decision in management: Principles and practice. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht.
Quadrado, L., Heijman, W., & Folmer, H. (2001). Multidimensional analysis of regional inequality: The case of Hungary. Social Indicators Research, 56(1), P.p: 21-42.
Rezvani, M. R. (2004). Measurement and Analysis of Developmental Levels of Rural Areas in Sanandaj City. Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 3. Mashhad: Mashhad University press. [Persian]
RiyahiVafa, A., & Hedayati, M. R. (2006). Ranking and prioritizing the villages of Tehran province to convert rural post offices to ICT offices with the aim of rural development and using numerical taxonomy classification method. Village and Development, 9th period, 4, P.p: 1-36. [Persian]
Shamsedini, A., Etaat, J., & Shahrivar, H. (2013). Role of Political Participation of Villagers in Increasing Services to Mamsani Villages. Space economics and rural development Quarterly, 2th Period, 5, P.p: 87- 100. [Persian]
Soror, R., Rashidi, Ebrahim Hesari, A. (2012). Measuring the Development Rate of Socio-Economic Structures in East Azarbaijan Province. Geography Quarterly, 82, P.p: 35-75. [Persian]
Taleshi, M., & Salehi fard, M. (2010). Measuring rural settlements development system with integrated approach of taxonomic location measurment and factor analysis. 8th period, 27, P.p: 67-93. [Persian]
Todaro, M. (1990). Economic development in the World. Translated by Farjadi, Gh.Tehran: Institute of Planning and Development Research Press.
Topcu, Y. Ilker and S. Burnaz, (2007). A Multiple Criteria Decision Making Approach for the Evaluation of Retail Location. Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, Volume 14, Issue 1-3, P. p: 67–76.
Zahedi Asl, M. (2002). The foundations of social welfare. Tehran: Allameh Tabatabii University Press. [Persian]
Zali, N., & Pourmahammadi, M. R. (2009). Analysis of regional inequalities and development forecasting (case study: East Azerbaijan Province). Scientific- Research Journal of Geography Program and Planning, 15, 32, P.p: 29-64. [Persian]
Zali, N. (2011). Regional Development Management by Analyzing the Role of Distance in the Development of Unitescentral Centers in Provinces (case study: East Azerbaijan Province). [Persian]
Zebardast, E., &Hagh Rosta, S. (2015). Adaptive analysis of regional inequalities between neighbor provinces: Case study: Hamedan and Markazi Provinces. Architecture and Urbanism Quarterly, 8th period, 138, P.p: 113-115. [Persian]
Zeynal Zadeh, R., Borzoyan, S., & Ghajari, A. (2012). Investigating and determining the indices of human-educational development in the provinces of the country (in 2008 and 2009). New Attitudes in Human Geography, 4th year, 2, P.p: 62-81. [Persian]
Ziyadi, K. Saiidi Rezvani, N., & Baghal Salehpour, L. (2010). Measuring the degree of development of the cities of East Azerbaijan with HDI method. Productivity Management Quarterly (Beyond Management), 3th period, 12. [Persian]
_||_
Ahangari, A. & Dalvand, M. (2005). Determination of Development Degree in Lorestan Province and its Comparative Comparison in Two Time Spaces 1994, 2003 Unpublished master thesis, University of Shahid Chamran. [Persian]
Ahmadi, H., Velayi Gari, A., Zali, N., & Zamanipour, M. (2017). Analysis of the gap between the cities of East Azarbaijan during the development path from 1996 to 2011, Geographic Space Journal, 17th period, 59, P.p:229- 253. [Persian]
Ahmadipour, Z., Mokhtari Heshi, H., Roknodin Eftekhari, A., & Vazin, N. (2007). Investigating the Trend of the Development of Political-Administrative Spaces in Iran (Case Study: Iran's Provinces in First to Third Development Plans (2004-2007)), Geopolitic Quarterly, 3 (1), sprin 2007. [Persian]
Asadzadeh, A., Imani, H., & Shali, M. (2014). Spatial Inequalities of Agricultural Development in East Azarbaijan Province, space economics and rural development quarterly, 2, P.p: 41-54. [Persian]
Bhatia, V. K., & Rai, S. C. (2004). Evaluation of socio-economic development in small areas. Indian Society of Agricultural Statistics, IASRI Campus, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi, 110, 012.
Binswanger, H. P., (2001). Income distribution effect of technical change: some analytical issues. South East Asian Economic Review, Vol.1, No. 3, P.p: 179-218.
Capello, R., Caragliu, A., & Nijkamp, P. (2009). Territorial capital and regional growth: increasing returns in cognitive knowledge use (No. 09-059/3). Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper.
Chalabi, M. (1996). Social Order.Tehran: Nashre Ney Publicatin. [Persian]
East Azerbaijan Governorate. (2015). Development document of East Azerbaijan province. First Volume. [Persian]
Ebrahimzadeh, I., Eskandari sani, M., & Esmailnezhad, M. (2010). Application of factor analysis in explaining the spatial pattern of development and underdevelopment of urban-regional in Iran, Geography and Development, 17, P.p:7-28. [Persian]
Fleisher, B., Li, H., & Zhao, M. Q. (2010). Human capital, economic growth, and regional inequality in China. Journal of development economics, 92(2), P.p: 215-231.
Folmer, H., & Heijman, W. (2005). Multi-dimensional regional inequality as an alternative allocation mechanism For EU Structural Funds remittances: The case of Spain and Hungary. The Annals of Regional Science, 39(2), P.p: 337-352.
Ghanbari, A. (2009). Determining the Degree of Development in West Azarbaijan Province. Second National Conference of Geographic Sciences. Payam Noor University of Urmiyeh, P.p: 20-32. [Persian]
Hadder, R. (2000). Development Geography, Routledge, London. Newyork, P: 3.
Harvey, D., (2009). Social Justice and the city; Geographies of Justice and Social Transformation. University of Georgia Press, revised edition, Athens.
Haughton, G., and Counsell, D., (2004). Regions, Spatial Strategies and Sustainable Development. Routledge.
Hekmatniya, H. & Mosavi, M. N. (2006). Application of the model in geography with emphasis on urban and regional planning of Yazd. Elm Novin Publication. [Persian]
Joao Oliveira, S., M. Manuela., C., Manuel Ferreira. (2000). a multivariate methodology touncover regional disparities: a contribution to improve European Union and Governmental Decisions. Departamento de Mathematical. Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia – U.N.L, Lisbon, Portugal.
Kerbo, H.R. (2003). Social stratification and inequality: class conflict in historical comparative and global perspective, London: Mc Graw_hill.
Khakpour, B., & Bavanpour, A. R. (2009). Analysis of inequality at development levels. Knowledge and Development of Mashhad’s regions Journal, 16th period, 27, P.p: 182-202. [Persian]
Khodapanah, K., & Beig Mohammadi, H. (2009). Evaluation and classification of rural areas in the central part of Ardabil city based on the level of development indicators. Geographic Space, 9th period, 26, P.p: 1-30. [Persian]
Kwokyam Cheng, S., (2000). Development of a Fuzzy Multi- criteria Decision Support System for Municipal Solid waste Managemen. Degree of master of manufacturing & production systems, University of Regina, Saskatchewan.
Momeni, M., & Sajed, A. (2014). Analysis of the development of East Azerbaijan city cities using numerical taxonomy. The Twelfth Congress of the Geographical Society of Iran, centered around the alignment of the land, an Iranian Islamic model of progress. Tehran. [Persian]
Nazmfar, H., Bakhtar, S., Alavi, S. (2015). Rating the rural development levels. (Case study: Kermanshah villages). Geography and Environmental Studies, 192, 14-181. [Persian]
Pit, R., & Hart, W. (2011). Development Theories. Translated by Mostafa Azkiya, Reza Safari Shomali, Esmail Rahmanpour, First volume. Tehran: Luye Publication.
Pomerol, J C., Romero, S B., (2000). Multi-criterion decision in management: Principles and practice. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht.
Quadrado, L., Heijman, W., & Folmer, H. (2001). Multidimensional analysis of regional inequality: The case of Hungary. Social Indicators Research, 56(1), P.p: 21-42.
Rezvani, M. R. (2004). Measurement and Analysis of Developmental Levels of Rural Areas in Sanandaj City. Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 3. Mashhad: Mashhad University press. [Persian]
RiyahiVafa, A., & Hedayati, M. R. (2006). Ranking and prioritizing the villages of Tehran province to convert rural post offices to ICT offices with the aim of rural development and using numerical taxonomy classification method. Village and Development, 9th period, 4, P.p: 1-36. [Persian]
Shamsedini, A., Etaat, J., & Shahrivar, H. (2013). Role of Political Participation of Villagers in Increasing Services to Mamsani Villages. Space economics and rural development Quarterly, 2th Period, 5, P.p: 87- 100. [Persian]
Soror, R., Rashidi, Ebrahim Hesari, A. (2012). Measuring the Development Rate of Socio-Economic Structures in East Azarbaijan Province. Geography Quarterly, 82, P.p: 35-75. [Persian]
Taleshi, M., & Salehi fard, M. (2010). Measuring rural settlements development system with integrated approach of taxonomic location measurment and factor analysis. 8th period, 27, P.p: 67-93. [Persian]
Todaro, M. (1990). Economic development in the World. Translated by Farjadi, Gh.Tehran: Institute of Planning and Development Research Press.
Topcu, Y. Ilker and S. Burnaz, (2007). A Multiple Criteria Decision Making Approach for the Evaluation of Retail Location. Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, Volume 14, Issue 1-3, P. p: 67–76.
Zahedi Asl, M. (2002). The foundations of social welfare. Tehran: Allameh Tabatabii University Press. [Persian]
Zali, N., & Pourmahammadi, M. R. (2009). Analysis of regional inequalities and development forecasting (case study: East Azerbaijan Province). Scientific- Research Journal of Geography Program and Planning, 15, 32, P.p: 29-64. [Persian]
Zali, N. (2011). Regional Development Management by Analyzing the Role of Distance in the Development of Unitescentral Centers in Provinces (case study: East Azerbaijan Province). [Persian]
Zebardast, E., &Hagh Rosta, S. (2015). Adaptive analysis of regional inequalities between neighbor provinces: Case study: Hamedan and Markazi Provinces. Architecture and Urbanism Quarterly, 8th period, 138, P.p: 113-115. [Persian]
Zeynal Zadeh, R., Borzoyan, S., & Ghajari, A. (2012). Investigating and determining the indices of human-educational development in the provinces of the country (in 2008 and 2009). New Attitudes in Human Geography, 4th year, 2, P.p: 62-81. [Persian]
Ziyadi, K. Saiidi Rezvani, N., & Baghal Salehpour, L. (2010). Measuring the degree of development of the cities of East Azerbaijan with HDI method. Productivity Management Quarterly (Beyond Management), 3th period, 12. [Persian]
