The Interaction of Zeolite and Pitting on the Concentration of Nutrition, Root Length and Stem Height of Agropyron elongatum L. under Various Drought Levels
Subject Areas :
forestry
Davoud Akhzari
1
(Associate Professor, Department of Nature Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran)
Mohammad Yarmohammadi
2
(MSc Student of Rangeland Science, Department of Watershed and Rangeland Management, Faculty of Natural resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran)
Received: 2020-08-29
Accepted : 2022-03-09
Published : 2021-12-22
Keywords:
Irrigation levels,
Pitting,
Drought stress,
Zeolite,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: One of the ways in Iran to deal with drought stress is the use of new techniques for water storage in the soil. The aim of this study was to study the effect of pitting and zeolite application on growth and physiological triates of Agropyron elongatum in drought stress conditions.
Method: An experiment conducted based a randomized complete block design. Initially, the seeds were cultivated in a greenhouse in a pot and after 3 months the seedlings were transferred to a field outside the greenhouse and treatments were applied to them, for 6 months. The applied treatments included: pitting consisting of two levels with pitting and no pitting, zeolite in two levels with zeolite (50 g per seedlings) and no zeolite and 4 levels of irrigation including FC irrigation, 1/2 FC, 1/4 FC and without irrigation (as control treatment). Findings: The results showed that by applying pitting and zeolite, the concentrations of calcium, copper, potassium, manganese, sodium, zinc, phosphorus, stem weight, root weight, stem height and root length increased significantly. The concentration of iron in the case of without pitting increased more and increased from 2.3 to 17.2 mg / kg in the without pitting treatments.
Discussion and Conclusions: The results showed that simultaneous application of the three treatments (pitting, zeolite, and drought) had a significant interaction effect and further increase the measured parameters. It can be concluded that the use of pitting and zeolite has a positive effect on growth and physiological characteristics of Agropyron elongatum.
References:
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Manivannan, P., C.A., Jaleel, Zhao, C.X., Somasundaram, R., Azooz, M.M, 2008. The effect of polymer combination with sandblasting on Panicum antidotale growth. Forest and Rangeland Research Institute, Tehran. 16(3): 305-316.
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Armand Pisheh, O., Irannezad, H., Alahdadi, I., Amiri, R., Koliaei, A. 2010. Application of Zeolite effect on germination and vigor of canola seed under drought stress. Journal of crop ecophisiology, (1):54-62. (In Persian)
Gholizadeh, A., 2005. The study the effects of water stress and natural zeolite on qualitative and quantitative features of Dracocephalum moldavica. Journal of Research and Reconstruction, 73(3): 96-110. (In Persian)
Abedi Koupaee, J. & J. Asad Kazemi, 2005. The effect of zeolite application in soil on green space water optimization. Proceedings of the Tehran Mechanized Surface Irrigation Technical Workshop. Tehran Iran. 151-158. (In Persian)
Mirzakhan, M. & M. Sibi, 2010. Response of safflower physiological traits to water stress and zeolite application.The Proceedings of 2nd Iranian National Congress on Agricultural and Sustainable Development. (In Persian)
Hasanzadeh Moghadam, H. & Basafa, 2006. Investigating the effect of planting method and plant density on grain yield and forage quality in saline soils. Abstract paper of Ninth Congress of Agricultural Sciences and Plant Breeding. Karaj, Iran. (In Persian)
Hosseinpour, M., M, Moghiri & D. Taleghani, 2002. Investigating the effect of planting pattern on irrigation water consumption efficiency, quantity and quality of sugar beet in Dezful region. Abstracts of the 7th Iranian Congress of Agricultural Sciences and Plant Breeding. Karaj, Iran. (In Persian)
Casanovas, E.M., C.A. Barassi & R.J. Sueldo, 2002. Azospirillum inoculation mitigates waterstress effects in maize grainlings. Cereal Research Communcations, 30(3-4): 343-349.
J.& M. Larry white, 1974. Inter seeding and pitting on a sandy Range site in eastern Montana. Journal of range management. 27(3): 206-210.
Rauzi, F., 1968. Pitting and inter seeding native short grass Rangeland. Published Laramie, Wyo. Agricultural Experiment Station, University of 1968; 170 p.
Adamsen, F. J., P. J, Pinter., E. M, Barnes., R. L, Lamorte., S. W. Leavitt & A Kimball, 1999. Measuring wheat senescence with a digital camera. Crop Science 39: 719-724.
Oweis, T. & Hashem, 2004. Water Harvesting and supplemental Irrigation for improved water productivity of dry farming system in west Asia and North Africa.2004. Proceeding of the 4th international crop science congress, Brisbane, Australia also published on web site: www.cropscience.org.au.
M., M, Garl & A.L. Hild. 1990. Drought and grazing: 1. Effects on quantity of forage produced. J. Range Manage. 1990; 52: 440-446.
Hansclka, C.W., S.D. Livingston & D. Bade, 1994. Renovation practices to improve rainfall
Butorac, A., T. Filipan., F. Basic., J. Butorac., M. Mesic & Kisic, 2002. Crop response to theapplication of special natural amendments based on zeolite tuff. Rostlinna Vyroba, 48(3): 118-124.
Akhzari, D. & N. Alipoor, 2019. Studying the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of vetivergrass (Chrysopogon )under different compost and zeolite treatments. Environmental Resources Research,7 (2): 137-146.
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Liu, H. P., B. J, Yu., H, Zhang & Y. L. Liu, 2005. Effect of osmotic stress on the activity of Ht ATPase and the levels of covalently and non-covalenty conjugated polyamines in plasma membrance preparation from wheat seeding roots. Plant Sciences, 168: 1599-1607.
Duncan, W. G., 2018 Physiology of maize, In: Evans (ed.), Crop Physiology. Cambridge University. effectiveness on range land and pastures. Texas Agricultural Extension Service Leaflet L-5029.
Houerou, L., 2008. Climate change, drought and desertification, J. Arid Environment, 34: 133-185.
Polat, E., M, Karaca., H, Demir & Naci Onus, 2004. Use of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) in agriculture. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 12: 183-189.
Andrews, R.D.& B. Kimi, 1996. Improvements in yield and quality of crops with zeoponic fertilizer delivery systems: Turf, flower, vegwtables, and Grain. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institue.
Mumptun, F.A., Mineralogy and geology of natural Zeolite, Department of the Earth Science, University of New York, U S A.
Vassilis, J. & B. Inglezakis, 2005. The concept of ‘capacity’ in zeolite ion-exchange systems. Curr. Colloid. In. 281: 68 - 79.
Bor, N.L., 1970. Gramin. In: K. H. Rechinger(Ed), Flora Iranica. No. 70, AKademische Deyok-11 Verlagsoanstalt: Graz,Austria,Wien.
Ahmadi, A., Jabbari & P. Ehsanzadeh. 2009. Introduction to Plant Physiology. University of Tehran Press, 681 p. (In Persian)
Manivannan, P., C.A., Jaleel, Zhao, C.X., Somasundaram, R., Azooz, M.M, 2008. The effect of polymer combination with sandblasting on Panicum antidotale growth. Forest and Rangeland Research Institute, Tehran. 16(3): 305-316.
Hasani, A. & R. Omid Beigi, 2002. The effect of water stress on morphological, physiological and metabolic characteristics of basil plant. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 12(3): 47-59. (In Persian)
Armand Pisheh, O., Irannezad, H., Alahdadi, I., Amiri, R., Koliaei, A. 2010. Application of Zeolite effect on germination and vigor of canola seed under drought stress. Journal of crop ecophisiology, (1):54-62. (In Persian)
Gholizadeh, A., 2005. The study the effects of water stress and natural zeolite on qualitative and quantitative features of Dracocephalum moldavica. Journal of Research and Reconstruction, 73(3): 96-110. (In Persian)
Abedi Koupaee, J. & J. Asad Kazemi, 2005. The effect of zeolite application in soil on green space water optimization. Proceedings of the Tehran Mechanized Surface Irrigation Technical Workshop. Tehran Iran. 151-158. (In Persian)
Mirzakhan, M. & M. Sibi, 2010. Response of safflower physiological traits to water stress and zeolite application.The Proceedings of 2nd Iranian National Congress on Agricultural and Sustainable Development. (In Persian)
Hasanzadeh Moghadam, H. & Basafa, 2006. Investigating the effect of planting method and plant density on grain yield and forage quality in saline soils. Abstract paper of Ninth Congress of Agricultural Sciences and Plant Breeding. Karaj, Iran. (In Persian)
Hosseinpour, M., M, Moghiri & D. Taleghani, 2002. Investigating the effect of planting pattern on irrigation water consumption efficiency, quantity and quality of sugar beet in Dezful region. Abstracts of the 7th Iranian Congress of Agricultural Sciences and Plant Breeding. Karaj, Iran. (In Persian)
Casanovas, E.M., C.A. Barassi & R.J. Sueldo, 2002. Azospirillum inoculation mitigates waterstress effects in maize grainlings. Cereal Research Communcations, 30(3-4): 343-349.
J.& M. Larry white, 1974. Inter seeding and pitting on a sandy Range site in eastern Montana. Journal of range management. 27(3): 206-210.
Rauzi, F., 1968. Pitting and inter seeding native short grass Rangeland. Published Laramie, Wyo. Agricultural Experiment Station, University of 1968; 170 p.
Adamsen, F. J., P. J, Pinter., E. M, Barnes., R. L, Lamorte., S. W. Leavitt & A Kimball, 1999. Measuring wheat senescence with a digital camera. Crop Science 39: 719-724.
Oweis, T. & Hashem, 2004. Water Harvesting and supplemental Irrigation for improved water productivity of dry farming system in west Asia and North Africa.2004. Proceeding of the 4th international crop science congress, Brisbane, Australia also published on web site: www.cropscience.org.au.
M., M, Garl & A.L. Hild. 1990. Drought and grazing: 1. Effects on quantity of forage produced. J. Range Manage. 1990; 52: 440-446.
Hansclka, C.W., S.D. Livingston & D. Bade, 1994. Renovation practices to improve rainfall
Butorac, A., T. Filipan., F. Basic., J. Butorac., M. Mesic & Kisic, 2002. Crop response to theapplication of special natural amendments based on zeolite tuff. Rostlinna Vyroba, 48(3): 118-124.
Akhzari, D. & N. Alipoor, 2019. Studying the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of vetivergrass (Chrysopogon )under different compost and zeolite treatments. Environmental Resources Research,7 (2): 137-146.
