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Manuscript ID : JAPAD-2302-1216 (R1) Visit : 179 Page: 54 - 64

Article Type: Original Research

Feeding ecology and diet of Zagros tooth-carp, Aphhanius vladykovi Coad, 1988 in Choghakhor wetland of Chaharmahal-O-Bakhtiary Province

Subject Areas :

Fardin Shalui 1 (Shahrekord university)
Rasool Zamani Ahmad Mahmoodi 2 (1- Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resourses and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.)
Farzaneh Nikookhah 3 (1- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resourses and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran)
Hossein Rahimi Pordanjany 4 (Shahrekord university)
Mahin Dokht Jafarei 5 (2- MSc in Fishery field, Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resourses and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.)

Received: 2023-02-05 Accepted : 2023-06-12 Published : 2023-07-23

Keywords: Ecology", Aphhanius vladykovi", carnivorous", Feeding", ",

Abstract :

Background & Aim:  Investigating the diet of fishes is important in order to investigate the ecological role and understand their position in the food web chains.Materials & Methods: In this study, Feeding ecology of Aphanius vladykovi in Choghakhor wetland of Chaharmahal-O-Bakhtiary Province was evaluated seasonally. In this reason, the relative index of gastrointestinal (RLG), condition factor (CF) vacuity index (VI) and food items between male and female, two size classes in the hot and cold seasons were investigated.Results: Fish diet was primarily composed of crustaceans (Ostracoda, Ampipoda), mollusks (Gastropoda, Bivalvia), aquatic insect larvae (Ephemeroptera, Diptera) and detritus. There was no significant sex and size-related variation in food items. Diet composition was significantly different between hot and cold seasons (p < 0/05). Furthermore, the average of RLG index was 0.885±0.51that indicated the fish was carnivorous.Conclusion:  In general, in this study, based on the average relative length of the intestine, A. vladykovi is introduced as a carnivorous fish. It is also at an average level in terms of nutrition. The change of season had an effect on the diet of this species, but the studied biological variables such as gender and size were not effective in determining the choice of food items.

References:


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    2.
  2. Santos MB, German I, Correia D, Read FL, Cedeira JM, Caldas M, López A, Velasco F, Pierce GJ. Long-term variation in common dolphin diet in relation to prey abundance. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2013 May 7;481:249-68.
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  12. Esmaeili HR, Shiva AH. Reproductive biology of the Persian tooth-carp, Aphanius persicus (Jenkins, 1910)(Cyprinodontidae), in southern Iran. Zoology in the Middle East. 2006 Jan 1;37(1):39-46.
    13.
  13. Kamal S, Bakhtiyari M, Abdoli A, Eagderi S, Karami M. Life‐history variations of killifish (Aphanius sophiae) populations in two environmentally different habitats in central Iran. Journal of Applied Ichthyology. 2009 Aug;25(4):474-8.
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    20.
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    21.
  21. Kneib RT. The role of Fundulus heteroclitus in salt marsh trophic dynamics. American Zoologist. 1986 Feb 1;26(1):259-69.
    22.
  22. Abilhoa V, Vitule JR, Bornatowski H. Feeding ecology of Rivulus luelingi (Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae) in a coastal Atlantic rainforest stream, southern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology. 2010;8:813-8.
    23.
  23. Kalogianni E, Giakoumi S, Andriopoulou A, Chatzinikolaou Y. Feeding ecology of the critically endangered Valencia letourneuxi (Valenciidae). Aquatic Ecology. 2010 Mar;44:289-99.
    24.
  24. Stephens DW, Brown JS, Ydenberg RC, editors. Foraging: behavior and ecology. University of Chicago Press; 2007.
    25.
  25. Ramos-Jiliberto R, Valdovinos FS, Arias J, Alcaraz C, García-Berthou E. A network-based approach to the analysis of ontogenetic diet shifts: an example with an endangered, small-sized fish. Ecological Complexity. 2011 Mar 1;8(1):123-9.
    26.
  26. Benejam L, Alcaraz C, Sasal P, Simon-Levert G, García-Berthou E. Life history and parasites of the invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) along a latitudinal gradient. Biological Invasions. 2009 Dec;11:2265-77.
    27.
  27. Williams MD, Williams WD. Salinity tolerances of four species of fish from the Murray-Darling River system. Hydrobiologia. 1991 Mar;210:145-50.
    28.
  28. Stoner AW. Effects of environmental variables on fish feeding ecology: implications for the performance of baited fishing gear and stock assessment. Journal of Fish Biology. 2004 Dec;65(6):1445-71.
    29.
  29. Leonardos I, Sinis A, Petridis D. Influence of environmental factors on the population dynamics of Aphanius fasciatus (Nardo, 1827)(Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) in the lagoons Messolongi and Etolikon (W. Greece). Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution. 1996 May 5;42(3):231-49.
    30.
  30. Minckley CO, Deacon JE. Foods of the Devil's Hole pupfish, Cyprinodon diabolis (Cyprinodontidae). The Southwestern Naturalist. 1975 May 15:105-11.
    31.
  31. Naiman RJ. Preliminary food studies of Cyprinodon macularius and Cyprinodon nevadensis (Cyprinodontidae). The Southwestern Naturalist. 1979 Sep 15;24(3):538-41.
    32.
  32. Stevenson MM. Food habits within the Laguna Chichancanab Cyprinodon (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) species flock. The Southwestern Naturalist. 1992 Dec 1:337-43.
    33.
  33. Facade SO, Olaniyan CI. The food and feeding interrelationship of the fishes in the Lagos lagoon. Journal of Fish Biology. 1973 Mar;5(2):205-25.
    34.
  34. Binod K, Jayabalan N. Food and feeding habits of the golden scad Caranx kalla (Cuv. & Val.) along Mangalore coast. Environment and Ecology. 2000;18(4):869-73.
    35.
_||_

  1. Ghafouri Z, Keivany Y, Soofiani NM. Reproductive biology of Aphanius isfahanensis in the Zayandehrud River, central Iran. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 2019 Jan 15;102:19-25.
    2.
  2. Santos MB, German I, Correia D, Read FL, Cedeira JM, Caldas M, López A, Velasco F, Pierce GJ. Long-term variation in common dolphin diet in relation to prey abundance. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2013 May 7;481:249-68.
    3.
  3. Keyvani Y, Soofiani N. Contribution to the biology of Zagros tooth-crap, Aphanius vladykovi (Cyprinodontidae) in central Iran. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 2004;71:165-9.
    4.
  4. Bakhtiyari M, Kamal S, Abdoli A, Esmaeli HR, Ebrahimi M. Comparison of the feeding behaviour and strategy of the Killifish, Aphanius sophiae Heckel, 1847, at two different localities in Iran: (Actinopterygii: Cyprinodontidae). Zoology in the Middle East. 2011 Jan 1;52(1):47-56.
    5.
  5. Esmaeili HR, Masoudi M, Ebrahimi M, Amir EL. Review of Aphanius farsicus: a critically endangered species (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology. 2016 Mar 25;3(1):1-8.
    6.
  6. Alavi‐Yeganeh MS, Seyfabadi SJ, Keivany Y, Kazemi B, Wallis GP. Length‐weight relationships in some populations and species of Iranian toothcarps. Journal of Applied Ichthyology. 2011 Dec;27(6):1401-3.
    7.
  7. Coad BW. Aphanius vladykovi, a new species of tooth-carp from the Zagros Mountains of Iran (Osteichthyes: Cyprinodontidae). On lampreys and fishes: a memorial anthology in honor of Vadim D. Vladykov. 1988:115-26.
    8.
  8. Coad BW, Keivany Y. Aphanius vladykovi Coad, 1988. Zagros pupfish, mahi-e gour-e khari. Journal of American Killifish Association. 2000;33(6):195-8.
    9.
  9. Mardani Km, Sheydaei M, Pazouki J. Morphometric And Meristic Study Of Zebra Fish (Aphanius Vladykovi) In Charmahal And Bakhteyari Province.
    10.
  10. Fattollahi M. Reproductive behaviors and biological characteristics of the broods and larvae of the endemic fish Aphanius vladykovi Coad, 1988 (Cyprinodontidae) in Choghakhor lagoon of Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiary, Iran. Journal of Applied Ichthyological Research. 2013 Jun 10;1(1):101-19.
    11.
  11. Hedayati SA, Jafari O, Nasri M, Ghafari Farsani H. Length-weight relationships and comparison between morphological features of Zagros tooth-carp, Aphhanius vladykovi Coad, 1988 (Actinipterygii: Cyprinodontiformes) in upstreams of Karun River in Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiari Province.
    12.
  12. Esmaeili HR, Shiva AH. Reproductive biology of the Persian tooth-carp, Aphanius persicus (Jenkins, 1910)(Cyprinodontidae), in southern Iran. Zoology in the Middle East. 2006 Jan 1;37(1):39-46.
    13.
  13. Kamal S, Bakhtiyari M, Abdoli A, Eagderi S, Karami M. Life‐history variations of killifish (Aphanius sophiae) populations in two environmentally different habitats in central Iran. Journal of Applied Ichthyology. 2009 Aug;25(4):474-8.
    14.
  14. Hyslop EJ. Stomach contents analysis—a review of methods and their application. Journal of fish biology. 1980 Oct;17(4):411-29.
    15.
  15. Pyka J. Food selectivity of pond-reared pike (Esox lucius L.) during the period of its feeding on zooplankton. Fisheries & Aquatic Life. 1995;3(2):173-80.
    16.
  16. Alcaraz C, García-Berthou E. Food of an endangered cyprinodont (Aphanius iberus): ontogenetic diet shift and prey electivity. Environmental Biology of fishes. 2007 Mar;78:193-207.
    17.
  17. AL‐DAHAM NK, Huq MF, Sharma KP. Notes on the ecology of fishes of the genus Aphanius and Gambusia affinis in southern Iraq. Freshwater Biology. 1977 Jun;7(3):245-51.
    18.
  18. Haas R. Notes on the ecology of Aphanius dispar (Pisces, Cyprinodontidae) in the Sultanate of Oman. Freshwater Biology. 1982 Feb;12(1):89-95.
    19.
  19. Alcaraz C, Gholami Z, Esmaeili HR, García-Berthou E. Herbivory and seasonal changes in diet of a highly endemic cyprinodontid fish (Aphanius farsicus). Environmental Biology of Fishes. 2015 Jun;98:1541-54.
    20.
  20. Leonardos I. The feeding ecology of Aphanius fasciatus (Valenciennes, 1821) in the lagoonal system of Messolongi (western Greece). Scientia Marina. 2008 Jun 30;72(2):393-401.
    21.
  21. Kneib RT. The role of Fundulus heteroclitus in salt marsh trophic dynamics. American Zoologist. 1986 Feb 1;26(1):259-69.
    22.
  22. Abilhoa V, Vitule JR, Bornatowski H. Feeding ecology of Rivulus luelingi (Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae) in a coastal Atlantic rainforest stream, southern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology. 2010;8:813-8.
    23.
  23. Kalogianni E, Giakoumi S, Andriopoulou A, Chatzinikolaou Y. Feeding ecology of the critically endangered Valencia letourneuxi (Valenciidae). Aquatic Ecology. 2010 Mar;44:289-99.
    24.
  24. Stephens DW, Brown JS, Ydenberg RC, editors. Foraging: behavior and ecology. University of Chicago Press; 2007.
    25.
  25. Ramos-Jiliberto R, Valdovinos FS, Arias J, Alcaraz C, García-Berthou E. A network-based approach to the analysis of ontogenetic diet shifts: an example with an endangered, small-sized fish. Ecological Complexity. 2011 Mar 1;8(1):123-9.
    26.
  26. Benejam L, Alcaraz C, Sasal P, Simon-Levert G, García-Berthou E. Life history and parasites of the invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) along a latitudinal gradient. Biological Invasions. 2009 Dec;11:2265-77.
    27.
  27. Williams MD, Williams WD. Salinity tolerances of four species of fish from the Murray-Darling River system. Hydrobiologia. 1991 Mar;210:145-50.
    28.
  28. Stoner AW. Effects of environmental variables on fish feeding ecology: implications for the performance of baited fishing gear and stock assessment. Journal of Fish Biology. 2004 Dec;65(6):1445-71.
    29.
  29. Leonardos I, Sinis A, Petridis D. Influence of environmental factors on the population dynamics of Aphanius fasciatus (Nardo, 1827)(Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) in the lagoons Messolongi and Etolikon (W. Greece). Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution. 1996 May 5;42(3):231-49.
    30.
  30. Minckley CO, Deacon JE. Foods of the Devil's Hole pupfish, Cyprinodon diabolis (Cyprinodontidae). The Southwestern Naturalist. 1975 May 15:105-11.
    31.
  31. Naiman RJ. Preliminary food studies of Cyprinodon macularius and Cyprinodon nevadensis (Cyprinodontidae). The Southwestern Naturalist. 1979 Sep 15;24(3):538-41.
    32.
  32. Stevenson MM. Food habits within the Laguna Chichancanab Cyprinodon (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) species flock. The Southwestern Naturalist. 1992 Dec 1:337-43.
    33.
  33. Facade SO, Olaniyan CI. The food and feeding interrelationship of the fishes in the Lagos lagoon. Journal of Fish Biology. 1973 Mar;5(2):205-25.
    34.
  34. Binod K, Jayabalan N. Food and feeding habits of the golden scad Caranx kalla (Cuv. & Val.) along Mangalore coast. Environment and Ecology. 2000;18(4):869-73.
    35.

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