A review of the most important Zooneses with a special vision towards emerging and re-emerging diseases and its status in Iran
Part (1): Bacterial zoonoses
Subject Areas :
Veterinary Clinical Pathology
محمدقلی نادعلیان
1
(استاد دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه تهران)
حسن Tadjbakhsh
2
(2- The Academy of Sciences of Islamic Republic of Iran, Fellow Member, Professor, Department of Microbiology ana Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.)
M.R Mokhber Dezfouli
3
(1-The Academy of Sciences of Islamic Republic of Iran, Fellow Member, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.)
حسامالدین Akbarein
4
(Assistant Professor, Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.)
Received: 2017-09-06
Accepted : 2017-12-04
Published : 2017-11-22
Keywords:
Iran,
Bacterial zoonoses,
emerging and re-emerging,
Abstract :
Despite rapid advances in technology and diagnostic facilities, contemporary mankind still faces the old and serious challenge of zoonoses and their emerging and re-emerging status further complicates the problems and sometimes the health system of the country faces a dilemma. Out of the 1,415 known human diseases, about 868 (60%) have multiplicative hosts, which occur between different species. In the recent three decades, approximately 75% of the newly emerging human infections have been zoonotic. In this article, using library studies and electronic searches, list of the most important bacterial zoonoses with a special vision towards emerging and re-emerging diseases, the status of the most important zoonoses in Islamic Republic of Iran and the world is presented, based on the published national and international documents, and the weaknesses and strengths of the responsible organizations have been discussed and corrective strategies and prospects for the future offered.
References:
Akbarein, H., Bahonar, A., Bokaie, S., Mosavari, N., Rahimi Foroushani, A., Sharifi, H., et al. (2014). Determinants of bovine tuberculosis in dairy farms covered by the tuberculin screening test: A herd level case control study. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology, 10(3):15-24. [In Persian]
Akbarein, H., Bahonar, A., Dabbagh Moghaddam, A., Bolouki, Z. and Hosseini Shokouh, S.J. (2012). Glanders, A new vision on an old biological weapon. Journal of Army University of Medical Sciences, 10(2): 143-162. [In Persian]
Amiri, K. (2007). Evaluation of economic losses caused by the stoping Brucellosis control program in animal population. 2nd Iranian Congress of Brucellosis, Iran: Tehran, 19-21 May 2007, pp: 109-112. [In Persian]
Amiri, K., Yousef, B., Khorami, N., Rezaei, A., Jahanpeyma, D., Rassouli Beirami, N., et al. (2015). Guidelines for animal diseases survey, control and surveillance. Iranian Veterinary Organization, available at: www.ivo.ir.
Bahonar, A.R., Boluki, Z., Moradi Geravand, M., Shirzadi, M.R. and Akbarein, H. (2013). A survey of anthrax in human, cattle, sheep and goat populations in 15 recent years. 7th Iranian Epidemiology Congress, Iran: Yasouj, 14-16 May 2013, pp: 253-254. [In Persian]
Bahonar, A.R. and Akbarein, H. (2016). Anthrax. In: Epidemiology Textbook of Prevalent Diseases in Iran. Yavari, P. editor. 1st ed., Vol. 1- Communicable Diseases. Iran: Tehran, Gap Nashr, pp: 241-256. [In Persian]
Bahonar, A.R. and Zeinali, M. (2016) Brucellosis, In: Epidemiology Textbook of Prevalent Diseases in Iran. Yavari, P. editor. 1st ed., Vol. 1- Communicable Diseases. Iran: Tehran, Gap Nashr, pp: 61-70. [In Persian]
Bahonar, A. and Akbarein, H. (2016). One Health. 19th Iranian Veterinary Congress, April 2016, Iran: Tehran, pp: 5-8. [In Persian]
Bokaie, S. (2016). Non-Typhoid Salmonellosis. In: Epidemiology Textbook of Prevalent Diseases in Iran. Yavari, P. editor. 1st ed., Vol. 1- Communicable Diseases. Iran: Tehran, Gap Nashr, pp: 199-212. [In Persian]
Boluki, Z., Bahonar, A.R., Akbarein, H. and Nasehi, M. (2013). Incidence rate of bovine and human tuberculosis in five regions of Iran during one decade (1999-2009): An ecological study. Journal of Army University of Medical Sciences, 11(1): 11-19. [In Persian]
Boluki, Z., Bahonar, A., Amiri, K., Akbarin, H., Sharifi, H., Akbari Sari, A., et al. (2017). Estimation of economic direct losses due to livestock brucellosis in Iran (2003-2014). Iranian Journal of Epidemiology, 12(4):12-21. [In Persian]
Broumandfar, S. and Bahonar, A.R. (2015). Glandars, the Zoonosis. 1st ed., Iran: Tehran, University of Tehran Press, pp: 61-82. [In Persian]
Chaman, R. and Khosravi, A. (2016). Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fevers. In: Epidemiology Textbook of Prevalent Diseases in Iran. Yavari, P. editor. 1st ed., Vol. 1- Communicable Diseases. Iran: Tehran, Gap Nashr, pp: 190-198. [In Persian]
Fakour, Sh., Nadalian, M.Gh., Tabatabaei, A.H., Gharagozlou, M.J. and Karimy A. (2002). A Study on Mycobacterium bovis and tuberculosis in goat. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 57(3): 21-26. [In Persian]
Fakour, Sh., Nadalian, M.Gh., Tabatabaei, A.H., Gharagozlou, M.J. and Karimy, A. (2005). Application of polymerase chain reaction to confirm Mycobacterium infection in goat. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Tehran, 59(1): 97-100. [In Persian]
Haghighi, M., Nabavi, M. and Mostafavi, E. (2016). Leptospirosis. In: Epidemiology Textbook of Prevalent diseases in Iran. Yavari, P. editor. 1st ed., Vol. 1- Communicable Diseases. Iran: Tehran, Gap Nashr, pp: 235-240 [In Persian].
Incidence of Notifiable Diseases (no of cases) in 2012. (2013). Iranian Journal of Microbiology, 5(2): 183.
Moazeni Jula, G.R., Jabbari, A.R. and Malek, B. (2004). Isolation of Anthrax spores from soil in endemic regions of Isfahan, Iran. Archives of Razi Institute, 58(1): 29-38.
Moazeni Jula, G.R., Jabbari, A.R. and Vahedi Darmian, F. (2007). Determination of Anthrax foci through isolation of Bacillus anthracis from soil samples of different Regions of Iran. Archives of Razi Institute, 62(1): 23-30.
Nadalian, M.Gh., Sohrabi Haghdoost, I. and Bolourchi, M. (1990). Report of an outbreak of Anthrax in dairy herd in Varamin area. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Tehran, 45(2): 21-27. [In Persian]
Nadalian, M.Gh., Tadjbakhsh, H., Bolourchi, M., Rezakhani, A., Mokhber Dezfuli, M.R., Bozorgmehri fard, M.H., et al. (2012). The current status of livestock tuberculosis in Iran and effective measures for its control. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 6(3): 1597-1604. [In Persian]
Nadalian, M.Gh. (2013). A reveiw of zoonoses. Iran Veterinay Council Magazine, 13(5-6): 3-12. [In Persian]
Romich, J.A. (2008). Understanding Zoonotic Diseases, 1st edition. USA: New York, Thomson Delmar Learning Press, pp: 49-52 .
Salarilak, Sh. (2016). Tuberculosis, In: Epidemiology Textbook of Prevalent Diseases in Iran. Yavari, P. editor. 1st ed., Vol. 1- Communicable Diseases. Iran: Tehran, Gap Nashr, pp: 33-48. [In Persian]
Shakespeare, M. (2009). Zoonoses. 1st ed., UK: London, Pharmaceutical Press, pp: 162-166.
Sharifi, H. and Akbarein, H. (2012). Evaluation of positive and negative predictive values of tuberculin test in dairy farms of Iran. 17th Iranian Veterinary Congress, 28-30 April 2012, Iran: Tehran, pp: 314. [In Persian]
Sharifi, H. and Akbarein, H. (2012). Validity evaluation and economic impacts of tuberculin test in dairy farms of Iran. Livestock Tuberculosis Seminar, Academy of Sciences, IR of Iran, May 2012, Iran: Tehran, pp: 42-48. [In Persian]
Tabatabayi, A.H. and Firouzi, R. (2011). Diseases of Animals Due to Bacteria. Iran: Tehran, University of Tehran Press, pp: 98-110. [In Persian]
Tadjbakhsh, H. (1999). History of Veteinary Medicine and Medicne in Iran. Iran: Tehran, University of Tehran Press, pp: 596-597. [In Persin]
WHO. (2017). http://www.who.int/topics/zoonoses/en, available at 1 July 2017.
Zowghi, E. (2009). An Introduction to Zoonoses. 1st ed., Iran: Tehran, Kamalolmlok Press, pp: 65-155. [In Persian]
Zowghi, E. (2014). An introduction to the most important zoonoses. Iran Veterinay Council Magazine, 14(5-6): 2-12. [In Persian]
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Akbarein, H., Bahonar, A., Bokaie, S., Mosavari, N., Rahimi Foroushani, A., Sharifi, H., et al. (2014). Determinants of bovine tuberculosis in dairy farms covered by the tuberculin screening test: A herd level case control study. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology, 10(3):15-24. [In Persian]
Akbarein, H., Bahonar, A., Dabbagh Moghaddam, A., Bolouki, Z. and Hosseini Shokouh, S.J. (2012). Glanders, A new vision on an old biological weapon. Journal of Army University of Medical Sciences, 10(2): 143-162. [In Persian]
Amiri, K. (2007). Evaluation of economic losses caused by the stoping Brucellosis control program in animal population. 2nd Iranian Congress of Brucellosis, Iran: Tehran, 19-21 May 2007, pp: 109-112. [In Persian]
Amiri, K., Yousef, B., Khorami, N., Rezaei, A., Jahanpeyma, D., Rassouli Beirami, N., et al. (2015). Guidelines for animal diseases survey, control and surveillance. Iranian Veterinary Organization, available at: www.ivo.ir.
Bahonar, A.R., Boluki, Z., Moradi Geravand, M., Shirzadi, M.R. and Akbarein, H. (2013). A survey of anthrax in human, cattle, sheep and goat populations in 15 recent years. 7th Iranian Epidemiology Congress, Iran: Yasouj, 14-16 May 2013, pp: 253-254. [In Persian]
Bahonar, A.R. and Akbarein, H. (2016). Anthrax. In: Epidemiology Textbook of Prevalent Diseases in Iran. Yavari, P. editor. 1st ed., Vol. 1- Communicable Diseases. Iran: Tehran, Gap Nashr, pp: 241-256. [In Persian]
Bahonar, A.R. and Zeinali, M. (2016) Brucellosis, In: Epidemiology Textbook of Prevalent Diseases in Iran. Yavari, P. editor. 1st ed., Vol. 1- Communicable Diseases. Iran: Tehran, Gap Nashr, pp: 61-70. [In Persian]
Bahonar, A. and Akbarein, H. (2016). One Health. 19th Iranian Veterinary Congress, April 2016, Iran: Tehran, pp: 5-8. [In Persian]
Bokaie, S. (2016). Non-Typhoid Salmonellosis. In: Epidemiology Textbook of Prevalent Diseases in Iran. Yavari, P. editor. 1st ed., Vol. 1- Communicable Diseases. Iran: Tehran, Gap Nashr, pp: 199-212. [In Persian]
Boluki, Z., Bahonar, A.R., Akbarein, H. and Nasehi, M. (2013). Incidence rate of bovine and human tuberculosis in five regions of Iran during one decade (1999-2009): An ecological study. Journal of Army University of Medical Sciences, 11(1): 11-19. [In Persian]
Boluki, Z., Bahonar, A., Amiri, K., Akbarin, H., Sharifi, H., Akbari Sari, A., et al. (2017). Estimation of economic direct losses due to livestock brucellosis in Iran (2003-2014). Iranian Journal of Epidemiology, 12(4):12-21. [In Persian]
Broumandfar, S. and Bahonar, A.R. (2015). Glandars, the Zoonosis. 1st ed., Iran: Tehran, University of Tehran Press, pp: 61-82. [In Persian]
Chaman, R. and Khosravi, A. (2016). Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fevers. In: Epidemiology Textbook of Prevalent Diseases in Iran. Yavari, P. editor. 1st ed., Vol. 1- Communicable Diseases. Iran: Tehran, Gap Nashr, pp: 190-198. [In Persian]
Fakour, Sh., Nadalian, M.Gh., Tabatabaei, A.H., Gharagozlou, M.J. and Karimy A. (2002). A Study on Mycobacterium bovis and tuberculosis in goat. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 57(3): 21-26. [In Persian]
Fakour, Sh., Nadalian, M.Gh., Tabatabaei, A.H., Gharagozlou, M.J. and Karimy, A. (2005). Application of polymerase chain reaction to confirm Mycobacterium infection in goat. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Tehran, 59(1): 97-100. [In Persian]
Haghighi, M., Nabavi, M. and Mostafavi, E. (2016). Leptospirosis. In: Epidemiology Textbook of Prevalent diseases in Iran. Yavari, P. editor. 1st ed., Vol. 1- Communicable Diseases. Iran: Tehran, Gap Nashr, pp: 235-240 [In Persian].
Incidence of Notifiable Diseases (no of cases) in 2012. (2013). Iranian Journal of Microbiology, 5(2): 183.
Moazeni Jula, G.R., Jabbari, A.R. and Malek, B. (2004). Isolation of Anthrax spores from soil in endemic regions of Isfahan, Iran. Archives of Razi Institute, 58(1): 29-38.
Moazeni Jula, G.R., Jabbari, A.R. and Vahedi Darmian, F. (2007). Determination of Anthrax foci through isolation of Bacillus anthracis from soil samples of different Regions of Iran. Archives of Razi Institute, 62(1): 23-30.
Nadalian, M.Gh., Sohrabi Haghdoost, I. and Bolourchi, M. (1990). Report of an outbreak of Anthrax in dairy herd in Varamin area. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Tehran, 45(2): 21-27. [In Persian]
Nadalian, M.Gh., Tadjbakhsh, H., Bolourchi, M., Rezakhani, A., Mokhber Dezfuli, M.R., Bozorgmehri fard, M.H., et al. (2012). The current status of livestock tuberculosis in Iran and effective measures for its control. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 6(3): 1597-1604. [In Persian]
Nadalian, M.Gh. (2013). A reveiw of zoonoses. Iran Veterinay Council Magazine, 13(5-6): 3-12. [In Persian]
Romich, J.A. (2008). Understanding Zoonotic Diseases, 1st edition. USA: New York, Thomson Delmar Learning Press, pp: 49-52 .
Salarilak, Sh. (2016). Tuberculosis, In: Epidemiology Textbook of Prevalent Diseases in Iran. Yavari, P. editor. 1st ed., Vol. 1- Communicable Diseases. Iran: Tehran, Gap Nashr, pp: 33-48. [In Persian]
Shakespeare, M. (2009). Zoonoses. 1st ed., UK: London, Pharmaceutical Press, pp: 162-166.
Sharifi, H. and Akbarein, H. (2012). Evaluation of positive and negative predictive values of tuberculin test in dairy farms of Iran. 17th Iranian Veterinary Congress, 28-30 April 2012, Iran: Tehran, pp: 314. [In Persian]
Sharifi, H. and Akbarein, H. (2012). Validity evaluation and economic impacts of tuberculin test in dairy farms of Iran. Livestock Tuberculosis Seminar, Academy of Sciences, IR of Iran, May 2012, Iran: Tehran, pp: 42-48. [In Persian]
Tabatabayi, A.H. and Firouzi, R. (2011). Diseases of Animals Due to Bacteria. Iran: Tehran, University of Tehran Press, pp: 98-110. [In Persian]
Tadjbakhsh, H. (1999). History of Veteinary Medicine and Medicne in Iran. Iran: Tehran, University of Tehran Press, pp: 596-597. [In Persin]
WHO. (2017). http://www.who.int/topics/zoonoses/en, available at 1 July 2017.
Zowghi, E. (2009). An Introduction to Zoonoses. 1st ed., Iran: Tehran, Kamalolmlok Press, pp: 65-155. [In Persian]
Zowghi, E. (2014). An introduction to the most important zoonoses. Iran Veterinay Council Magazine, 14(5-6): 2-12. [In Persian]
