Analysis of sage (Salvia nemorosa L.) essential oil components in Ahar and Urmia regions in vegetative growth and flowering stages by GC / MS method

Subject Areas : Medicinal Plants

Elham Ghafiyehsanj ¹ , Kamaladdin Dilmaghani ² , Nader Chaparzadeh ³ , Sara Saadatmand ⁴

1 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;
2 - Department of Biology, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran
3 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
4 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2021-11-03 Accepted : 2022-02-18 Published : 2024-03-20

Keywords: Caryophyllen oxide, Essential oils, GC/MS, Oxygenated sesquiterpenes, Salvia nemorosa,

Abstract :

Present experiment was conducted on essential oil constituents of (save) Salvia nemorosa L. plants at two different growth stages viz.- vegetative and flowering- at two regions of Ahar and Urmia. Aerial parts of Salvia were collected and dried to extract their essential oils by hydro–distillation method. The essential oils constituents were analyzed and identified based on GC/MS and GC analysis and calculating Kovats retention index. The results showed that the percentage of essential oils in sage flowers in each two regions was higher than vegetative leaves stage. The highest percentage and number of essential oils compounds were seen in flowers and in vegetative stage leaves of Ahar region and the lowest essential oils percentage was seen in flowers and vegetative stage leaves of Urmia region. Caryophyllen oxide was the main composition in the essential oils of flowers and vegetative stage leaves in plants of both regions. The percentage of caryophyllen oxide in essential oils of sage flowers (26.41) was higher than vegetative stage leaves (18.19) in Urmia region but the percentage of caryophyllen oxide was higher in vegetative stage leaves of Ahar region (28.37) than in its flowers (12.79). In addition to caryophyllen oxide, there were compositions such as spathulenol, trans–beta-caryophyllen, para–cymene, 1–octen–3-ol and terpinen-4-ol with different percentages in the essential oil of sage flower of plants of both regions and there were trans-beta-caryophyllen, beta-ionone, and camphor in the essential oil of vegetative stage leaves of plants of Ahar region. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes had the highest amount in sage flowers and vegetative stage leaves in both regions compared to other chemical groups of essential oils. Amount of oxygenated sesquiterpenes in essential oil of flowers of the plants of Urmia region and essential oil of vegetative stage leaves of plants of Ahar region were 46/31% and 34/3%, respectively.

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