Polycystic ovary syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder with various clinical manifestations, including impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Since dietary fatty acids might have a remarkable role in the progression and development of these disorders, we conducted the present study to evaluate the association between atherogenic index and polycystic ovary syndrome. Our case-control study was performed on 494 individuals, including 203 women with polycystic ovary syndrome and 291 healthy women in Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran, in July 2019. Demographic data and anthropometric indices, including height, weight, and waist circumference, were gathered by a trained expert. A valid semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire was used for dietary intake assessment. An empirical formula calculated the atherogenic index. In case and control groups, participants had a mean age of 28.98±5.43 and 30.15±6.21 years. There was no significant trend in total fat, cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acid, MUFA, linoleic, and linolenic fatty acids intake through atherogenic index quartiles (p>0.05). However, we observed that PUFA intake decreased through atherogenic index quartiles significantly (p=0.034). In addition, there was no significant association between the atherogenic index of diet and polycystic ovary syndrome risk. To sum up, we found no relationship between atherogenic index and polycystic ovary syndrome risk. More studies are needed to prove our findings. Manuscript profile