Background: Peri-implantitis is an irreversible inflammation that leads to crestal bone loss around the implant. Its symptoms include radiographic bone loss, increased probing depth, bleeding on probing, and pus discharge. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between radiographic bone analysis and clinical factors in patients with peri-implantitis.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational clinical study was conducted on 38 patients with symptoms of peri-implantitis, referred to the private department and dental clinic of Isfahan Azad University. At first, by obtaining informed consent, periapical digital imaging was taken from the patient's implant with a parallel technique and the amount of vertical bone resorption was checked in millimeters. The amount of vertical bone resorption of the implant was divided into three categories: vertical bone resorption was less than 1.5 mm, between 1.5 and 3 mm, and more than 3 mm. Then, the amount of bleeding, the depth of probing, and the presence of pus were checked. Data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficientResults: There was a significant and direct difference between bleeding on probing and vertical bone resorption (P<0.001, r=0.466). There was also a significant and direct difference between probing depth and vertical bone analysis (P<0.018, r=0.278). The pus variable was negative for all peopleConclusion: Bleeding on probing and depth of probing have a direct relationship with vertical bone resorption in patients with peri-implantitis and with the increase of radiographic bone resorption, depth of probing and bleeding on probing increases in patients. Manuscript profile

Background: An untreated root canal in an endodontically treated tooth can cause periapical lesions and as a result necrosis and inflammation of the pulp or destruction of periodontal tissues. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of periapical radiolucency in endodontically treated teeth with untreated canals by CBCT.Materials & Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study,a total of 326 maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars with 775 root canals with previous root canal treatment obtained from CBCT images from the archives of the Radiology Center of Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan) were examined.The number of teeth and roots, presence/absence of periapical lesions, and presence/absence of untreated canals were recorded. Data were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher's exact testsResults: Untreated canals were observed in 38 cases . The most common type of untreated canal was the second mesiobuccal canal (57.9%) and the maxillary first molar had the highest untreated canal . Apical periodontitis lesions were observed in 125 canals.There was a significant difference between the frequency of untreated canals in the endodontically treated maxillary premolars and molars, mandibular premolars, and molars. There was a significant difference in the frequency of apical periodontitis between endodontically treated maxillary premolars and molars, and mandibular premolars and molars.Conclusion:The frequency of apical periodontitis is most likely higher in the second mesiobuccal canal of maxillary first molars with no successful root canal treatment than in other teeth. Manuscript profile

Background: Errors that occur during root canal treatment can be caused by lack of information about the anatomical conditions of the root canal system. The purpose of this study was to examine the root and ca-nals morphology of mandibular anterior teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials & Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, 165 CBCT images of mandibular anterior teeth of patients from 15 to 60 years in the archives from oral & maxillofacial radiology department in 2015-2021 were used. CBCT images were examined in three axial, sagittal and coronal sections and the infor-mation of each tooth were recorded in pre-prepared forms. The data were analysed by Chi-square and Fisher exact test (α=0.05). Results: All mandibular central teeth were single-rooted, of which 59.7% were single canal and 40.3% were double-canal. 99.4% of the mandibular lateral teeth were single-rooted and 0.6% of the teeth were double-rooted. 62.8% of single-rooted laterals had a single-canal where 37.2% had double-canals. 97.6% of canine teeth were single-rooted and 2.4% of teeth were double-rooted. In single-rooted teeth, 95.3% had a single-canal. In mandibular single-rooted anterior teeth with two canals, Vertucci type III was the most common configuration. The frequency distribution of the variation of mandibular central and lateral teeth canals between women and men were not statistically significant, while in single-rooted canines significant differ-ences were observed (p= 0.031). Conclusion: Anterior teeth with two roots was not common. It was more prevalent in canines, laterals and central teeth. The prevalence of single-rooted mandibular teeth with two canals was mostly seen in central, lateral, and canine teeth. Manuscript profile