bstract: - The aim of this work was to use the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique for the deposition of nano-TiO2 layers directly on an SS316L substrate. The nano-TiO2 films were deposited on an SS316L alloy with various parameters, such as potential, time of deposition and annealed temperature—the optimum parameters required for the development of stable nano-TiO2 layer coating. The results obtained from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FESEM tests in this study showed that the TiO2 layers sintered at 400 °C were amorphous. The XRD patterns showed the anatase phase at 600 °C for 1 h. The heat treatment of TiO2 layers led to good adhesion with the SS316L alloy. The heat treatment above 500 °C led to the agglomeration of nano-TiO2 layers from 28 nm to 78 nm at 600 °C. The thickness of the nano-TiO2 coating increased with the deposition time and potential. The optimum thickness of the nano-TiO2 coating on the SS316L alloy was 50 µm at 5 min and 30 V. The increase in coating thickness with the time and potential of deposition led to problems, including increases in roughness and weak adhesion of the coating layer. Manuscript profile

Activity concentrations of (238U series), (226Ra), (232Th) and (40K) in some soil samples in AL-Nahrawan site 52 soil samples were determined and evaluated. The measurements were carried out using high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The mean activity concentrations in soil samples were (76019.61, 16.634, 11.693 and 147.55) Bq Kg-1 for 238U ,226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. The concentration of 238U more than of accepted limited of clearance level according to IAEA and that mean AL-Nahrawan site is radioactive contaminated site. The risk assessment that calculated for AL-Nahrawan site appear the most of dose that calculated from different pathways such as ingestion ,inhalation ,drinking water and meat is coming from external dose and most of it from 238U than another radio nuclides such as (226R, 232Thand 40K). The total dose for the contaminated area that calculated by RESRAD code (7.2) dose from all nuclides all pathways summed in AL-Nahrawan is (1.46 mSv / year) and that more the accepted limit for dose limit exposure to public (1 mSv/A) according the IAEA and that mean the public have limit use and action for this site. The high purity germanium analysis appears AL-Nahrawan site contaminated with Du depended on the ratio between 235U and 238U radio nuclides. The cancer risk from all nuclides calculated by RESRD code for AL-Nahrawan site is (2.2) ×10-3This value is above the global average of 0.29×10 −3 and 1.16×10 −3 reported by UNSCEAR. Manuscript profile