Background & Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Allium cepa on the atherogenic, serum biochemical, and hematologic indices in Wistar rats administered KBrO3.Experimental: Forty male rats assigned into 8 groups (n=5) in which groups A, B, C, D, and E received distilled water (2 mL), KBrO3 (50 mg/kg), quercetin 70 mg/kg, aqueous extract of Allium cepa (AEAC) at 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, respectively. Groups F, G, and H received KBrO3 with AEAC at 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and quercetin, respectively, on alternate days for 3 months.Results: The phytochemical analysis of the AEAC revealed the presence and absence of some phytochemical constituents. The Acute toxicity result indicated that AEAC has an LD50 above 5000mg/kg. KBrO3 caused a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the haematological parameters relative to the control but administration of KBrO3 with AEAC or quercetin improved the parameters. KBrO3 caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in the levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), but significantly (P<0.05) lower level of HDL-C. Treatment with KBrO3 and AEAC or quercetin significantly (P<0.05) abrogated these KBrO3-induced alterations. Similar ameliorative effects of AEAC were found in KBrO3-induced alterations in atherogenic indices, such as Castelli's Risk Index I (CRI-1), Castelli's Risk Index II (CRI-II), Atherogenic Coefficient (AC), and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) indices relative to the control.Recommended applications/industries: According to the present results, AEAC showed amelioration against KBrO3-induced derangement in the haematological, lipid, and atherogenic indices and it might be helpful in the management of cardiovascular problems. Manuscript profile

Background & Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the prophylactic effects of hydroethanolic extract of Ixora coccinea leaf (HEICL) on Cisplatin (cis diamminedichloroplatinum-II, CDDP)-induced alteration in atherogenic, haematological, and biochemical profiles in male Wistar ratsExperimental: Thirty male rats were assigned into 6 groups (n=5) in which groups A, B, C, and D received normal saline (0.2 mL), CDDP (10 mg/kg), HEICL at 200 mg/kg, and HEICL at 400mg/kg. Groups E and F received CDDP 10 mg/kg with HEICL at 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Results: The phytochemical analysis of the AEAC revealed the presence of some phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, reducing sugar, phenol, resin, and volatile oil. However, glycosides, steroids, and anthraquinone were absent. The Acute toxicity result indicated that HEICL has an LD50 above 5000mg/kg. CDDP caused a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the haematological parameters relative to the control but administration of CDDP with HEICL improved the parameters. CDDP caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in the levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), but a significantly (P<0.05) lower level of HDL. Treatment with CDDP and HEICL significantly (P<0.05) abrogated these CDDP-induced alterations. Similar ameliorative effects of HEICL were found in CDDP-induced alterations in atherogenic indices, such as Castelli's Risk Index I (CRI-1), Castelli's Risk Index II (CRI-II), Atherogenic Coefficient (AC), and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) indices relative to the control.Recommended applications/industries: The above study suggests that HEICLmay be useful in treating heart conditions because it protects against CDDP-induced alterations in the haematological, lipid, and atherogenic parameters. Manuscript profile

Background & Aim: Diclofenac sodium (DFS) is a drug used for treatment of pain in humans and animals. Plant extracts have been used by the herbalists for treatment of hepatorenal disorders in humans for many years without scientific evidence. The present study evaluated the effects of Byrsocarpus coccineus, Dialium guineense, and Newbouldia laevis extracts (BCE, DGE and NLE respectively) on DFS-induced hepatorenal damage in rats and compared their efficacies. Experimental: Rats were divided into 5 groups with 5 rats per group. The rats in group 1 were injected with normal saline while those in group 2 were injected with11 mg/kg DFS intramuscularly for 5 days. The rats in groups 3, 4 and 5 were injected with DFS like group 2 rats but treated with 342 mg/kg BCE, DGE and NLE respectively for 6 days. About 24 hours after treatment, blood was collected from a rat, serum was separated, and used for the estimation of biochemical parameters. The rats’ liver and kidneys were removed and histological examinations were performed on the tissues of animals. Results: There were significant (P<0.05) alterations in the levels of biomarkers of hepatorenal injuries in rats treated with DFS when compared with the control. The treatment of DFS-exposed rats with BCE, DGE and NLE significantly (P<0.05) reversed the altered markers of hepatorenal injuries when compared with the DFS group. The photomicrographs of hepatorenal tissues showed microstructural features which corroborated our biochemical findings. Recommended applications/industries: These findings suggest that the three plant extracts have ameliorative effects on DFS-induced hepatorenal injuries in rats but DGE has the greatest efficacy. Therefore, they may be processed and utilized for the treatment of hepatorenal injuries in animals. Manuscript profile