The present research is conducted to find out the services and facilities of tobacco companies in promotion of tobacco crop in Malakand division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A multi-stage sampling technique applied for selection sample size. In this method, 135 tobacco growers were selected from fifteen villages of tobacco growers. The principle researcher interviewed selected respondents face by face through a well-designed interview schedule. The results show that majority 65.18, and 72.57% growers were small size of landholders and literate. Moreover, the tobacco companies provided seed quality, size of plant, leaf cluster, and leaf quality facilities to tobacco growers. So, maximum 51.90% tobacco growers reported that above mentioned facilities were 26-50% beneficial for seed quality, and plant size. Meanwhile, individual, group contact, and mass contact extension methods practiced for delivery of various facilities to tobacco growers. Meantime, farm home visit, office call, leader training, method demonstration, lecture meeting, Radio, Television, and Poster extension techniques recorded for promotion of services to tobacco growers. While, majority 97 and 63.70% enclosed that farm home visit and office call were excellent techniques for services promotion. Beside these facilities, tobacco companies provide training to almost all tobacco growers related seed bed preparation, transplantation, field preparation, fertilizers application, harvesting, and curing process. It is suggested that tobacco companies had better to start programs on electronic media related suitable and appropriate technologies in tobacco crops on equality base for illiterate and literate growers. Manuscript profile

Pakistan is at 28th amongst the countries that are going to be hurt badly by climate change. It falls in ten major wheat-producing countries of the world in terms of area, production and yield per hectare. Global warming, as a result of climate change, may negatively affect morphological characters of wheat. The present study was undertaken in district Layyah to find out the impact of climate change on wheat crop.The district had a total of three (3) tehsils(sub-divisions) and two(2) tehsilswere selected purposely which were badly affected by extreme climatic event like floods.Thereafter,there (3) union councils from each tehsil,three(3) villages from each selected union council and seven (7) farmers from each village were selected.Thus, a sample of 126 farmerswere chosen and interviewed through a pretested structured interview schedule at their fields.The data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS).Vast majority (94.4%) of the respondents informed that climate change had effect on wheat cropproductivity.Majority (above 90%) of the respondents reported that climate change was affecting their crop almost at every stage in the way of unpredicted rains, sudden rise in temperature and long drought periods. Manuscript profile