The Persian direct reduction method (PERED) is a suitable method for producing sponge iron on an industrial scale. The challenge of all sponge iron production plants is to supply sponge iron with suitable metallization to steel factories. Accordingly, determining and adjusting the various parameters affecting metallization in each plant is necessary to produce the appropriate amount and quality of sponge iron. In this study, first, the effects of output rate, process flow, water- steam flow rate, bustle temperature, bustle CH4 level, CO2 reform, average pellet size (PIDa), pellet strength (CCS), process gas water temperature, and furnace bed average temperature on spongy iron metallization were investigated. Then, an attempt was made to model the sponge iron grade produced by the PERED method using the Gene Expression Programming (GEP) software. To carry out modeling, data on the affecting variables of metallization were collected for 58 days. The best R2 values for the training and testing sets were 0.974 and 0.27 with a low error rate for both (0.047 and 0.376 in RMSE and 0.001 and 0.141 in MSE, respectively. The results of the sensitivity test indicated that CO2 reform gas, bustle CH4 level, and average pellet size had the most significant effect on metallization. Manuscript profile

The effect of hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment on the corrosion performance of the Mg–Zn–Al–0.5Ca alloy was studied by immersing a specimen in HF solutions for varying lengths of time at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to study the evolution of microstructures. In vitro corrosion resistance was assessed using potentiodynamic polarization and a room-temperature immersion test in Kokubo solution. The fluoride-treated Mg–Zn–Al–0.5Ca alloy formed by 24h immersion in HF exhibited a more homogeneous, compact, and thicker (2.1 μm) coating layer compared to the other HF treated specimens in 6, 12 and 18 hours. The corrosion resistance performance of the Mg–Zn–Al–0.5Ca alloy formed by 24h immersion in HF was the best, with a corrosion rate of 2.87 mm/y according to the electrochemical experiment. The mean weight loss of the untreated samples was more considerably higher (up to 2 times) than that of the fluoride-treated alloys, according to in vitro degradation assessments. According to the findings because of its low degradation kinetics and apatite formation ability, the fluoride-treated Mg–Zn–Al–0.5Ca alloy is a promising candidate for biodegradable implants. Manuscript profile

در این تحقیق تأثیر افزودن گرافن اکساید بر رفتار تربیولوژی پوشش های ایجاد شده به روش فرآیند اکسیداسیون پلاسمای الکترولیتی تحت شرایط ولتاژ ثابت مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. عملیات پوشش دهی با شکل موج دو قطبی طی مدت 10 دقیقه بر روی سطح آلیاژ منیزیم AZ31 انجام گردید. نتایج نشان داد که مورفولوژی سطح پوشش ها دارای میکرو حفراتی مشهور به ساختار پنکیکی و دهانه آتشفشانی بر روی سطح هستند که قطر آن‌ها با افزودن گرافن اکساید افزایش یافته است. بررسی فازی پوشش ها نشان داد که پوشش ها از فازهای اکسیدی فورستریت و پریکلاز تشکیل شده اند. مکانیزم سایش نمونه های پوشش داده شده از نوع خراشان بوده است همچنین مقاومت به سایش پوشش حاوی افزودنی گرافن اکساید افزایش یافته به‌طوری‌که میانگین ضریب اصطکاک برای نمونه یاد شده 10 برابر نسبت به نمونه بدون پوشش کاهش یافته است که دلیل این امر افزایش سختی می باشد. سختی نمونه حاوی گرافن اکساید حدود 5 برابر نسبت به آلیاژ منیزیم افزایش داشته است. پوشش ایجاد شده بر روی آلیاژ منیزیم می‌تواند آن را به کاندید مناسبی جهت کاربردهای ارتوپدی تبدیل کند. Manuscript profile

In this study, the effect of heat treatment on the corrosion properties of Mg-Zn-RE-xCa alloy (x = 0, 2.5) was investigated. These alloys were produced using an argon atmosphere casting process and then subjected to vacuum conditions at 400 C for 6 hours under solid solution treatment and quenching in water. The microstructure and fuzzy analysis of heat treatment alloys using optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were investigated. Immersion, polarization, impedance, and pH changes test were performed to study alloy corrosion behavior. The results showed that in heat treated samples, the values of secondary phases IM1 (Ca3MgxZn15-x) (4.6 ≤ x ≤ 12) and Mg2Ca increased with increasing calcium content. However, the amount of these phases is reduced by dissolution and quenching in water. The corrosion density of alloy is reduced by adding 2.5% calcium from 488.4 to 315 μA / cm2, which decreases to 126.5 μA / cm2 after 6 hours of heat treatment, indicating improved corrosion resistance of the alloy after heat treatment. Manuscript profile