Narcissus, a prominent perennial ornamental bulbous plant, serves both aesthetic and practical purposes as a cut flower. This study aimed to assess the impact of climatic conditions on flower yield in native narcissus populations in Ahvaz. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block with three replications, conducted between 2020 and 2022 at Chamran University's research farm in Ahvaz, Iran. Native narcissus genotypes collected from diverse regions of the country were cultivated and subjected to a comprehensive evaluation of morphological indices. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) underscored significant differences in all morphological parameters at a 1% probability level, showcasing the diversity among the genotypes. Phenotypic correlations unveiled robust positive associations between most traits, underscoring their interdependence. Principal component and cluster analyses offered a holistic perspective on the dataset. The first three principal components encapsulated 87.15% of the total variability, with the primary component (PC1) spotlighting the most influential traits driving genotype divergence. Cluster analysis delineated the eleven genotypes into three distinct clusters, indicative of notable variations in morphological attributes among the genotypes. This study furnishes valuable insights into the intricate relationships between diverse traits and flower numbers in daffodil genotypes, providing a foundation for informed breeding decisions. Comprehending the complex interplay of these traits through correlation and multivariate analyses is pivotal for advancing daffodil breeding programs and enhancing multiplication capacity. These findings not only inform daffodil breeding initiatives in Iran but also lay a groundwork for similar studies in other plant species. Manuscript profile

important cut flowers in tropical and sub tropical areas of the world and has the seventh rate of production between all cut flowers of Iran. In order to investigate different effects of storage temperatures (8 weeks at 4 °C, 4 weeks at 4 °C + 4 weeks at 20 °C, 8 weeks at 12 °C, 4 weeks at 12 °C+ 4 weeks at 20 °C and 8 week at 20 °C) and different concentrations of gibberellic acid (0, 150 and 300 ppm) on quantitative characteristics of tuberose ‘Double’, a factorial experiment was carried out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The effects of treatments were investigated on fresh and dry weight, height and number of flower stems, length of spike, speed of germination and flowering, weight and diameter of florets, number and weight of bulbs, and flower longevity. Qualitative and quantitative investigation of growth and flowering indices showed that the highest number of stems was recorded at 20 oC storage temperature, which was 20% higher than that at 4 oC storage temperature. Stem weight showed a significant correlation with most growth parameters. The most important effect of studied treatments was observed on growth speed. Speed of bulbs germination was affected only by storage temperatures (P<0.001), while higher GA3 concentration decreased both germination speed (P<0.05) and flowering speed (P<0.001). Finally, we suggested that the best treatment was storing bulbs for 4 weeks at 12°C + 4 weeks at 20 °C before cultivation and GA3 treatment did not have any significant effects on growth factors of tuberose. Manuscript profile

Frost is the coating or deposit of ice that may form in cold conditions, usually overnight. If the temperature drops far enough for the plant cells to freeze, non hardy plants will die. Therefore, a research was laid out to study the influence of an anti-frost solution on growth, flowers quality and biochemical parameters of ornamental plants. The anti-frost solution was applied as foliar sprays in different concentration of T0: 0 (mg L-1) (only water) as control, T1: 250 (mg L-1), T2: 500 (mg L-1), T3: 1000 (mg L-1), T4: 1500 (mg L-1), T5: 2000 (mg L-1) ‘ferti-fros’, on bougainvillea (Bougainvillea glabra(, canna (Canna indica) and petunia (Petunia axillaris). Results showed that flowering percentage and flowering duration in the treated plants was more than control. Highest flowering percentage and flowering duration was in T5 (81.22%) and (13.86 days), respectively. By increasing concentration of anti-frost solution, damaging percentage was decreased. Lowest damaging percentage was in T5 (69.77%). Total chlorophyll enhanced with increasing concentration of anti-frost solution. Highest amount of total chlorophyll belonged to T5 (50.80 mg g-1). By comparing effect of different treatments on amount of prolineit was shown that control had highest amount of proline (0.56 μM g-1). With increasing concentration of anti-frost, amount of proline was decreased T5 (0.08 μmol g-1).Electrical conductivity was affected by different treatments in all flowers. Highest amount of electrical conductivity recorded for control (9.0 mS g-1 cm-1) and lowest amount was in T5 (2.26 mS g-1 cm-1). Difference of all the treatments was significant at 0.1% level of significance. Manuscript profile