این مقاله به بررسی چگونگی آموزش طرح‌واره1 در کارگاه معماری پرداخته است. ایده و طرح‌واره می‌تواند مبنای طراحی باشد و اهمیت آن در ارائه راه‌حل‌های نوآورانه توسط معمار قابل‌توجه است. این تحقیق با روش پیشنهادی خود، به دنبال ارتقای کیفیت آموزش طراحی معماری بوده است. ازاین‌رو طرح‌واره در دو سطح کلان و خُرد طبقه‌بندی‌شده و پس از مشخص شدن نیازهای آموزشی و مهارتی لازم برای هرکدام از سطوح طرح‌واره، راهکارهای آموزشی بر اساس نظریه میزانسن پیشنهادشده است. برای سنجش مطلوبیت راهکارهای آموزشی پیشنهادی از نمونه موردی در دو ترم متوالی استفاده شد. این تحقیق به‌صورت کیفی انجام‌شده و داده‌ها به روش تحلیلی و توصیفی موردبررسی و مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان‌دهنده آن است که روش طراحی پیشنهادی در توانمندسازی دانشجویان جهت خلق ایده، بیان و ارائه طرح‌واره‌های ذهنی در سطح کلان و خُرد مؤثر بوده است. Manuscript profile

بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر جاودانگی و مقبولیت یک اثر معماری در میان عموم از آن جهت لازم و ضروری است که امروزه بحران در زیستگاه‌های بشری ناشی از عدم توجه کافی به مقوله مکان و کیفیات آن در خلق فضاهای معماری و شهری قابل‌تأمل است. شرط لازم برای ماندگاری مکان در اذهان، برخورداری آن مکان از حس تعلق اکثریت مخاطبان است؛ لذا معنای مکان و عوامل تشکیل‌دهنده حس تعلق به آن، می‌تواند در دستیابی به هدف پژوهش، یعنی عوامل ایجاد حس مکان ماندگار در اذهان عمومی کمک شایانی نماید. در پژوهش حاضر با تعریف مکان و عوامل تشکیل‌دهنده حس مکان، بر پایه تحلیل محتوای متون به‌دست‌آمده از روش کتابخانه‌ای، مدلی با عنوان عوامل ایجاد مکان ماندگار در اذهان عمومی ارائه می‌گردد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد، برای ایجاد مکان ماندگار در اذهان عموم، توجه توام به سه عامل محیط، تصورات و مدیریت ضروری است. Manuscript profile

: One of the tools for the architectural advent form is the structure, while architecture and structures, particularly in our sociable Iran, are separated from each other. Most successful buildings have dominating designers who are proficient in structural issues and have a comprehension of the structural system's behavior. The extent of attention to the structure of the building will inevitably lead to beauty. If the structure has aesthetic considerations, a successful link between architecture and structure will occur. This research seeks to provide a solution and strategies to formulate both architecture and structure. The purpose of this paper is to articulate a sound and desired theoretical foundation in relation to the aesthetics of the architectural form and structure so that achieve a successful link between architecture and structure. The research methodology is applied in terms of the purpose of the research. The qualitative and quantitative research methodology is used to analyze the information as well as to provide analytical tables and matrix analysis in order to summarize the contents. The research has come to the conclusion that constructive requirements, along with functional requirements and aesthetic issues, bring together an unmatched effect. The study of successful works in the world suggests that if one of the subcategories of these three criteria works, it can be considered as one of the most successful buildings in the world. Formation of forces flow can be effective in the aesthetic structure of the structure. Manuscript profile

In this paper, the system of language and architecture has been studied in three levels of elemental, structural and semantic in cases of traditional and modern mosques in Iran through the method of analyzing the content of texts and in a conceptual model. Then, in a comparative method, the common patterns of these systems have been explained at all three levels. The common features at the elemental level included double-edged signs, the notion of sign value, as well as syntagmatic relations. Concepts such as the two-way functioning of the systems, textuality and spatial cohesion were identified at the structural level. The concepts of marking, explicit and implicit meanings, and metaphors were investigated at the semantic level of the architecture of the mosques. In the following, the variables were categorized in tables based on the concepts and the data were analyzed through inferential analysis. Then, the findings were coded based on the indices of each variable. On this basis, it became clear that the common patterns, the mental forms of the language sign system can be translated into the physical forms of the architecture system through representation. The respondent also reads or interprets based on a picture or a represented form when confronting the representation. The research findings indicate that readings are based on the collective language and interpretations are based on the individual’s personal language. In the meantime, the cultural, historical, and ethnic contexts, as well as the role of mass media are of high prominence. Manuscript profile

زمینه و هدف: مساله این پژوهش تبیین مدل نظری در جهت یافتن راهکاری نوین برای تولید و توسعه چیدمان فضایی پلان های معماری مبتنی بر روش های تعاملی و تلفیقی با کمک الگوریتم های یادگیری ماشین و ژنتیک است، در واقع هدف رسیدن به یک مدل نظری است که بیان می دارد الگوریتم های تکاملی به تنهایی مثمر ثمر نیستند، بلکه الگوریتم های یادگیری ماشین می توانند پلان ها را فراگیری کرده و مبنای مدل عملی شوند که به واسطه استفاده از الگوریتم های ژنتیک می توانند توسعه و تولید کننده نمونه های جدید باشند.روش بررسی: در همین راستا روش پژوهش ترکیبی شامل مطالعات کتابخانه ای، گردآوری داده های خام، بررسی نمونه های موردی و استفاده از فرمول های محاسباتی به صورت تابع های هدف و جریمه است.یافته ها: مطالعات این تحقیق نشان می دهد که الگوریتم ژنتیک توانایی حافظه سپاری ندارد و از طرفی مبنای محاسبات آن جهش و تصادفی عمل نمودن است که این فرآیند در تولید پلان های معماری به تنهایی اثربخش نخواهد بود.نتیجه گیری: نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد که براساس مدل نظری ارائه شده، الگوریتم یادگیری ماشین به واسطه ساختار نمونه پذیر خود می تواند نمونه هایی را ذخیره و بازشناسی نماید و الگوریتم ژنتیک که یک الگوریتم جستجوگر و توسعه پذیر است، هر بار نمونه های بیشتری را از پلان های معماری براساس مدل ریاضی ارائه شده تولید نماید. Manuscript profile

There are sustainability strategies in nature, which are the key to the survival and stability of components and ecosystems. Not only nature is a source of inspiration, and innovative ideas in solving human problems also is a powerful mentor for designing the built environment in symbiosis with the substrate ecology. Due to nature strategies’ complexities and their interdisciplinary character, the architectural design process needs to be known by nature-inspired framing. With the wide scale of biological information and the lack of recognition of applying nature strategies, a model is needed to use biological strategies in the architectural design process. This research aimed to explore the nature-strategies effective components in the architectural design process, to create a connection between the biological and architectural domains. Using the nature strategies to transfer, and apply them in the architectural domain, as well as how the nature strategies affect and transfer in the field of architecture have been explored by studying the nature-inspired design strategies and the projects and documentation of the experts in this field through theoretical Analysis, focus groups, and also logical argumentation and case study. The analysis of qualitative data was done with Fisher's exact test, and SPSS software was used. The main question of the research has been raised as follows: What are the effective components of nature-inspired strategies and their place in the architectural design process? The research findings show that discovering and explaining the effective nature-inspired design components in the design process creates new paths to reaching innovative designs. Manuscript profile

Job satisfaction and improving employee performance due to direct relation with individual and environmental factors is one of the most important issues in optimizing the industrial environment. The physical environment of the built environment affects mental health directly and indirectly, meaning that the physical environment, such as the residence and workplace, is a place for human life and some of its psychological effects are unknown. The purpose of this research is to explain the main effect of architecture on job satisfaction in workplace of workers. in this research, a mix method of quantitative and qualitative were used in form of a questionnaire and interview and the corresponding data is further analyzed by SPSS software and using Axial and open coding. 20 specialists were selected for interview and 450 Iranian employees were chosen randomly based on morgan table rspectively. Then the model was developed by using grounded theory and open, axial and selective coding. In the following, confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the validity of the items by SPSS software. The results demonstrated that indices such as environmental and physical ergonomics, visual contrast of space, environmental psychology, spatial separation of space, attention to voice and color are influential. Psychological comfort is an inevitable aspect of user satisfaction studies. These findings help designers, architects, planners, and facility managers to develop workplace design principles. This research can provide a novel insight into architects’ views of the primary design platform in office buildings which can fill the existing research gap. Manuscript profile

Today, the lack of milieu- behavior synomorphy is the main problem in public spaces that prevents citizens and other people from using the designed spaces in the city. The problem is also found in the design of educational milieu. This research tries to solve this problem as much as possible using the synomorphy in the educational space, which means the milieu-behavior synomorphy leads to the creation of behaviors tailored to the purpose of design in space. As an applied, descriptive-analytical research, this study tries to identify the spaces affecting students' behavior and their relationship with surrounding milieu using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. To do so, College of Architecture and Urbanism of Shahid Beheshti University, the School of Architecture and Urbanism of University of Science and Technology and College of Fine Arts of University of Tehran were selected for case study and then, using analytical hierarchy process, seven common items between them were scored. In this analysis, six indicators associated with behavior and space were selected by the researcher and scored by two groups of experts and students. Using the map of behavioral patterns, the conformity of the mentioned groups' opinions with the model obtained from gatherings in space was obtained by the researcher. Accordingly, the results from the College of Fine Arts and the opinions of the mentioned groups were consistent. However, there was a slight difference in the ranking of spaces at Shahid Beheshti University. And, at the University of Science and Technology, the difference was found greater compared to the other two. According to the research information, it was concluded that the sense of place and the aesthetic concepts were essential indicators in synomorphy, and physical and cognitive elements can be effective in improvement and manner of behavioral patterns and use of space by people. Manuscript profile

Abstract: Identifying the factors affecting the emergency evacuation process of the occupants at critical times in the burning building and how to exit them to a safe place from fire hazards can play a critical role in the rescue management. An important prerequisite for emergency evacuation of a burning architectural building is the assumption that safety measures designed for the building's architecture against a potential fire are capable of providing appropriate behavioral conditions for effective emergency evacuation at the time of the fire by building occupants. The emergency evacuation process will play an important role in the sustainable design of a building against fire. A review of the scientific literature on the factors affecting emergency evacuation performance in a burning architecture showed that the occupants' behavior was influenced by the architectural environment around them and the burning framework of its own cinemorph building creates its own, which can be quite different to the cinemorph designed by the architect of a different building but also opposed. Studies in the research background show that in order to achieve the evacuation model, there is a pressing need to collect data from the three components of structural characters, fire characters and human characters. This article aims to rank the factors affecting emergency evacuation in the burning building by investigating the impact of each of these characters and identifying the subsets criterion of these characters by extracting data from the questionnaires based on Lisrel's structural equation method and software analysis, and the impact of each criterion. Finally, a conceptual model of the factors influencing successful emergency evacuation in a burning architecture frameworks proposed. Manuscript profile

Opaque and transparent material are always influential factors in regulating the temperature in buildings. The variables considered in this research are transparent material as the type of windows and non-transparent material as covered materials on exterior layer of external walls on a case study in a hypothetical building in Tehran. Engineering details of Base model is chosen according to approval Tehran construction engineering organization. Six different types of windows including single layer, argon, air double glazed and triple layers with or without LOW-E cover and 11 common types of materials including ceramic, aluminum composite tile, polished and ordinary travertine, granite, black And white marble, refractory brick, red brick, 3 cm yellow brick, concrete are studied and their energy consumption calculated by simulation in honeybee and ladybug. Interaction of opaque and transparent material is investigated. Different results are compared with using Colibri and through the design-explorer website. Assortment of opaque material is introduced due to type of windows for optimizing energy consumption. The results show that energy consumption is diminished about 13% when double glazed air LOW-E and polished travertine are used compared to the base model. Manuscript profile

One of the most important issues that have absorbed the public opinion and expert community during the recent years, is the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the housing. There are several challenges related to this topic that includes the contexts of the construction, manufacturing, planning to social aspects, cultural, physical and architectural design. The thing that has a significant importance in this topic, is the relationship between architects and the people. The role of their perception and mental images in making the decision is related to the architectural design of the housing. To Investigate the similarities and differences between what the viewpoints of architects and the people, is the main object of the research, that dedicatedly has been done on the facades by using multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS). The research implementation method is based on qualitative analysis of data from visual preferences from the viewpoint of architects and the people. The Statistical population includes 420 of people with a random sampling in the three areas in the central texture of Tehran and with 130 people of the architects that have been academic education and as well as work`s professional experience more than five years. The results indicated that subjective and visual perceptions of people and architects have considerable correspondence and distinctions with each other, which is recognizable. Manuscript profile

Vernacular architecture is the product of environmental, social, and economic innovations.In fact, this type of architecture seeks to make buildings compatible with the environment via the use of local knowledge and experiences.Bearing in mind the issue of energy efficiency,attending to the sustainable elements of local housing and its ecological aspects is of paramount importance since buildings are one of the structures that cause the highest level of damage to the environment. Therefore,the purpose of this study was to first recognize the ecological components derived from vernacular architecture and then propose indigenous solutions to encounter climatic and environmental problems.In this descriptive analytical study,all these factors were analyzed in 3 traditional houses built in 3 different eras in Ardabil.To collect the needed data, documentary studies were checked and various interviews, observations,and field investigations were conducted. In these houses,the architectural features that were derived from ecological components were recognized and investigated via the analysis of various aspects including design and construction techniques,type of plan,orientation,and innovative solutions used to make the spatial layout more appropriate for the comfort and welfare of the residents.The results revealed that in the construction of walls and roofs of these buildings, insulating materials and techniques have been used based on the traditional technology of that time.In addition,paying attention to the size of window openings,use of triple-pane windows, use of greenhouse effect in main spaces, separation of winter and summer living spaces,existence of connection joints,etc. are other ecological solutions that have been derived from the vernacular architecture of this region Manuscript profile

نیازِ انسانِ امروز به سفر با سرعت بالاتر، علوم مهندسی را بر آن داشته تا با افزایش مداخله در طبیعت، راه را تبدیل به پاره‌خطی میان مبدأ و مقصد کند. مرور سابقه فرهنگی راه به ویژه در ایران، گویای جایگاه ویژه راه در اذهان مردمان گذشته است. راه با فعالیت گذشتگان عجین بوده و تمام عیار مفهوم سفر را برای ایشان معنا کرده است. گاهی کارکرد مذهبی و گاهی کارکرد تجاری بر آن حاکم بوده است. از طرفی راه، به عنوان فضای زیست برای گذشتگان دارای امکانات متعددی بوده تا به مسافرانش فرصت تجربه بهتری دهد. راه‌های جدید هیچ تناسبی با راه‌های قدیم نداشته، آنها را کنار زده و فرهنگ آنها را نیز نادیده می‌گیرند. به نظر می‌رسد که این رویکرد علوم مهندسیِ مدرن در مواجهه با پدیده راه نامناسب است. راه ‌می‌تواند تبدیل به مقصد آگاهانه مسافران شود. مقصدی که بتواند انگیزه‌ای به مسافرانش داده تا آن را بارها تجربه کنند. راه اگرچه مولد مفهوم ارتباط است اما این مفهوم در تعریف پدیده راه نمی‌تواند شرط کافی باشد. پژوهش حاضر کیفی و برپایه تحلیل محتوای کیفی بوده و با بررسی اسناد کتابخانه‌ای، مرور نظریات پیشینِ اهل فن، همچنین مشاهده و تحلیل شرایط، ضمن تأکید بر کیفیت راه‌ها، به بررسی تأثیر و نقش بسزای رویکرد منظر در سطوح مختلف مطالعاتی پدیدۀ راه می‌پردازد. زاویه نگاه متفاوت به پدیده راه و تأکید بر ضرورت مدیریت ادراکات انسان از محیط در سطح برنامه‌ریزی و سیاست‌گذاری راه، از جنبه‌های نوآوری این پژوهش است. به عنوان پیشینه این پژوهش نیز فعالیت‌هایی اخیرا در این زمینه انجام شده که از آن جمله می‌توان به ضوابط طرح منظر راه‌های کشور و انتشار مقالاتی در مورد منظر راه با تأکید بر جنبه‌های فرهنگی راه اشاره کرد. Manuscript profile

محیط از عوامل تاثیر‌گذار و موثر بر روابط و رفتار افراد است. با توجه به اینکه محیط فیزیکی بیمارستان ها به دلیل تشدید تنش های محیطی به محیط های غیر حمایتی تبدیل شده اند؛ طراحی "محیط درمان یار " در بخش های بستری بیمارستان برای تسهیل و تسریع روند درمان ، بهبود عملکرد و کیفیت زندگی بیماران در طول درمان ، هدف تحقیق است. برای درک این موضوع ، رابطه بین عوامل محیطی و روند بهبودی بیماران در یک بیمارستان با 156 شرکت کننده برای ارزیابی ارتباط بین عوامل محیطی (شاخص های کالبدی ، معنایی-روانی ، اجتماعی- فرهنگی ، رفتاری) و اثرات احتمالی آن بر کیفیت درمان (روند بهبود ، کنترل استرس بیماران ، یازگشت به چرخه زندگی) در بخش بستری انجام شد. یافته های این تحقیق نشان داد که کیفیت فرآیند درمان در بیمارستان رابطه مستقیم با شاخص های محیطی دارد. این مطالعه با بحث کلی در مورد مفاهیم به عنوان وسیله ای برای درک عمیق تأثیر محیط ساخته شده بر تجربه انسان ، کنترل هذیان و استرس، کیفیت بهبود و بازگشت به چرخه زندگی برای جهت دهی به تحقیقات آینده پایان یافت، تا این رویکرد به بیمارستان ها کمک کند، بتوانند شرایط محیطی مناسبی را برای بیماران در بخش بستری فراهم کنند. Manuscript profile

یکی از شاخصه های بارز معماری ایرانی، حضور هم زمان سه گونه فضای باز، نیمه باز و بسته بوده است. پس از دهه چهل شمسی به سبب بحران مدنیت، شأن خانه به نازل‌ترین مرتبه کارکردی تنزل پیدا کرد. ازدست‌رفتن فضاهایی نیمه‌باز چون ایوان یا بهارخواب ،متأثر از این بحران بود. پس از آن عنصری به نام بالکن جایگزین این فضاها شدکه امروزه این عنصر به سبب : نداشتن محرمیت، ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ اﺷﺘﺒﺎه در ﻓﻀﺎی داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻨﺎ، ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ و ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻛﻢ و کاربردی نبودن خود تبدیل به معضلی بر نمای ساختمان و سیمای شهر شده است.نما به‌عنوان پوسته خارجی ساختمان از عناصر مهم و مؤثر بر زیبایی‌شناختی سیمای شهری می‌باشد. یکی از ارکان اصلی نما، بالکن می‌باشد که امروزه به عامل آشفتگی بصری محلات و شهرها مبدل گشته است. هدف این پژوهش مشاهده نحوه استفاده ساکنین از بالکن و نحوه تأثیر آن بر منظر محله می‌باشد. این تحقیق از نوع کیفی-تفسیری، راهبرد پژوهش، مطالعه موردی و گردآوری اطلاعات به روش میدانی انجام‌شده است. در این پژوهش 20 ساختمان مسکونی میان مرتبه ساخته‌شده در دهه 90، متشکل از 100 بالکن در محله دریای منطقه 2 شهر تهران انتخاب و نحوه استفاده کاربران از آن مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که 36 درصد از بالکن‌ها بدون تغییر و استفاده توسط ساکنین باقیمانده و تأثیری بر نمای ساختمان و محله نگذاشته،23 درصد ساکنین بالکن را محل نگهداری گل و گیاه قرار داده‌اند که این امر تا حدی بر منظر محله تأثیر مثبت داشته،18 درصد بالکن‌ها توسط شیشه بسته‌شده،12 درصد به قرارگیری تأسیسات،9 درصد توسط نرده و حفاظ بسته‌شده،2 درصد به نگهداری لوازم زائد پرداخته‌اند. Manuscript profile