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    List of Articles Ibrahim Safari


  • Article

    1 - Relationship Between Iranian EFL Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Their Burnout Level in Universities and Schools
    International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Research , Issue 2 , Year , Summer 2021
    In every field of teaching and learning, there are some factors that have an important role in both teachers’ and students’ performance. Two of these effective psychological factors in the context of education include self-efficacy and burnout. This research More
    In every field of teaching and learning, there are some factors that have an important role in both teachers’ and students’ performance. Two of these effective psychological factors in the context of education include self-efficacy and burnout. This research was conducted to examine the statistical relationship between English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ self-efficacy and burnout levels in the universities and schools of Iran. The data collection instruments were two questionnaires, ‘Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale’ and ‘Maslach Burnout Inventory’. The participants included 152 randomly selected teachers working in universities and schools. After data collection, the SPSS software was applied to convert the obtained data into numerical and interpretable data. To quantify the statistical relationship between teachers’ self-efficacy and burnout levels, correlational analysis was used. Results indicated, there was negative correlation between teachers’ self efficacy and burnout levels. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis was conducted to estimate the relationship between self-efficacy and burnout better, which indicated that teachers’ self efficacy was a negative predictor of their burnout. Manuscript profile

  • Article

    2 - Relationship Between Iranian EFL Teachers’ Job Satisfaction, Job Burnout, and Reflective Thinking: Structural Equation Modeling
    International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Research , Issue 2 , Year , Summer 2022
    This research intended to study the Potential relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ job satisfaction, job burnout, and reflective thinking. One-hundred and eighty-two teachers from different universities, and schools were requested to answer the the Minnesota More
    This research intended to study the Potential relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ job satisfaction, job burnout, and reflective thinking. One-hundred and eighty-two teachers from different universities, and schools were requested to answer the the Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and reflective thinking scale as the main data collection instruments. Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the hypothesized model of relations. The results represented, there were significant internal correlations between all the latent variables and their sub-scales. Multiple regression analysis showed that job satisfaction positively predicted reflective thinking, with job satisfaction exerting more predictive power in comparison with job burnout. Furthermore, job burnout weakly predicted reflective thinking, with job burnout exerting less predictive power in comparison with job satisfaction. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between job satisfaction and job burnout in which not only these two latent variables but also all their sub-scales were negatively related to each other. Pedagogical implications of the results have been discussed. Manuscript profile

  • Article

    3 - Exploring EFL Teachers’ Self-Efficacy, Reflective Thinking, and Job Satisfaction: Structural Equation Modeling
    International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Research , Issue 2 , Year , Summer 2020
    The increasing call for learning English as a foreign language has dramatically heightened the necessity to recruit effective English teachers. This is mainly because teachers have a key role in the success or otherwise of an educational program. Nevertheless, a compreh More
    The increasing call for learning English as a foreign language has dramatically heightened the necessity to recruit effective English teachers. This is mainly because teachers have a key role in the success or otherwise of an educational program. Nevertheless, a comprehensive review of the related literature confirms the paucity of research studies on teacher characteristics which can influence their job satisfaction. The present research set out to investigate the association among EFL teachers’ self-efficacy, reflective thinking, and job satisfaction. Two-hundred and twelve Iranian EFL teachers from language institutes, schools, and universities participated in the study. They were asked to answer Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale, Reflective Thinking Scale and The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, as the main data collection instruments. The questionnaires were presented in three different ways: social networks, email, and in person. Structural Equation Modeling was employed to examine the hypothesized model of relationships. This model was confirmed following the application of the modification indices proposed by the software (Normal chi-square = 3.6; RMSEA =.03; RMR =.02; GFI =.93; AGFI =.90; NFI =.92; CFI =.93; IFI =.93). The results revealed that there were significant internal correlations between all the latent variables and their sub-scales. Moreover, results of multiple regression analysis represented that self-efficacy and reflective thinking positively predicted job satisfaction, with self-efficacy exerting more predictive power compared to reflective thinking. Pedagogical implications of the findings have been discussed. Manuscript profile

  • Article

    4 - The Relationship Between Iranian EFL Teachers’ Reflective Thinking and Burnout Level in Universities and Schools
    Journal of Language, Culture, and Translation , Issue 202251 , Year , Spring_Summer 2022
    This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ reflective thinking and burnout levels in the universities and schools of Iran. As the main data collection instruments, the Reflective Thinking question More
    This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ reflective thinking and burnout levels in the universities and schools of Iran. As the main data collection instruments, the Reflective Thinking questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory were employed, which has also been validated for the Iranian population. Questionnaires were given to 178 EFL teachers who serve at Tehran and Ardabil universities and schools. The results showed a negative correlation between reflective thinking and burnout; teachers experienced relatively low burnout levels; their reflective thinking level was high. The results also revealed that university teachers experienced higher reflective thinking and lower burnout than school teachers. According to teachers’ workplace, the type of workplace affected reflective thinking in relation to the factor “ability to self-assess”. In the end, it was shown that when teachers’ reflective thinking increases, their burnout level decreases. The pedagogical implications of the results have been discussed. Manuscript profile

  • Article

    5 - Structural Equation Modeling to Assess the Relationship among Iranian EFL Teachers’ Creativity, Reflective Thinking, and Burnout Levels
    Journal of Language, Culture, and Translation , Issue 202352 , Year , Autumn_Winter 2023
    This study investigated the relationship among Iranian EFL teachers’ creativity, reflective thinking, and burnout levels. Two hundred and eight teachers from different universities and schools were requested to answer three questionnaires, namely the English Langu More
    This study investigated the relationship among Iranian EFL teachers’ creativity, reflective thinking, and burnout levels. Two hundred and eight teachers from different universities and schools were requested to answer three questionnaires, namely the English Language Teacher Creativity Scale, Reflective Thinking Scale, and Maslach Burnout Inventory. To examine the hypothetical model of relationships, structural equation modeling was used. Results represented that there were significant internal correlations among all the latent variables and their subscales. Moreover, the results of multiple regression analysis revealed that creativity strongly predicted reflective thinking, with creativity having more predictive power compared to burnout. It was also reported that all subscales of creativity and reflective thinking are statistically very relevant. On the other hand, burnout weakly predicted reflective thinking, with burnout having less predictive power than creativity. In total, there was a negative relation between creativity and burnout in which all their subscales were negatively correlated with each other. Manuscript profile