In the paper, in order to pre-concentrate and measure the low values of Cu ions, the new, simple,quick and very sensitive method of Dispersed Liquid-Liquid Micro Extraction (DLLME) coupledwith flame Atomic Absorption spectrometry (AA) has been utilized. The DLLME techniquecoupled with AA )AA-DLLME) was run inside one narrow tube which constitute aqueous samples.In this method, a mixture of toluene and methanol 90:10 (v/v) was injected into the aqueous sampleas extractor and disperser agent and then Cu and diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) complex wasconcentrated inside the toluene and was collected on the sample solution. In order to optimize thefactors affecting on the process, different parameters affected on the Cu extraction such as kind andvolume of extractor, volume of dispersing solvent, pH of sample solution, ligand concentration,time for bubble formation and salt effect were studied. Under optimal condition, limit of detection(LOD), relative standard deviation (RSD) and limit of linearity (LOL) for calibration curve weremeasured and were obtained as: 1.2 μg.l-1, 3.64% and 0.01-1 mg.l-1, respectively. This method wassuccessfully applied to determine Cu in environmental waters, milk powder, liquid milk and orangejuice. Manuscript profile

The Photocatalytic degradation of chemical pollutants such as dyes, especially by Nano catalysts is an effective method to protect the environment and water resources. In this study, through Forced Hydrolysis and Reflux Condensation (FHRC) method the nanospherical α-Fe2O3 particles were synthesized and supported on the surface of silica sand by Solid-State Dispersion (SSD) method with the average crystallite size of 27.5 nm. The characterization of catalyst and catalyst support was done using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM images, XRD patterns and BET surface area. In this paper, α-Fe2O3/SiO2 nanophotocatalyst was used for the removal of methyl red (MR) under ultraviolet (UV) light. After running different tests, the effective parameters such as the concentration of MR, pH, and mass of catalyst on pollutant degradation were optimized by single-variable method. The results showed that the optimum conditions for achieving 98.46 % of degradation were pH at 5, initial concentration of MR at 10 mg/l, and 2.0 g of α-Fe2O3/SiO2 nano photo catalyst. Manuscript profile

The Photocatalytic degradation of chemical pollutants such as dyes, especially by Nano catalysts is an effective method to protect the environment and water resources. In this study, through Forced Hydrolysis and Reflux Condensation (FHRC) method the nanospherical α-Fe2O3 particles were synthesized and supported on the surface of silica sand by Solid-State Dispersion (SSD) method with the average crystallite size of 27.5 nm. The characterization of catalyst and catalyst support was done using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM images, XRD patterns and BET surface area.In this paper, α-Fe2O3/SiO2 nano photocatalyst was used for the removal of methyl red (MR) under ultraviolet (UV) light. After running different tests, the effective parameters such as the concentration of MR, pH, and mass of catalyst on pollutant degradation were optimized by single-variable method. The results showed that the optimum conditions for achieving 98.46 % of degradation were pH at 5, initial concentration of MR at 10 mg/l, and 2.0 g of α-Fe2O3/SiO2 nano photo catalyst. Manuscript profile

Contamination of water resources by pesticide toxins is considered as one of environmental issues which is because of plant pest diversity and subsequently use of various toxicants. In previous decades all over the world, the usage of organophosphorus toxins in order to preservation of agriculture products expanded. In Gilan province (Iran) there are numerous agriculture lands and gardens which are sprayed intermittently and since drinking water of the region residents is rather supplied by underground waters, then penetration of toxicants into the wells is possible. For this reason pesticide toxicants use could be a treat for drinking water supplying resources of this state. In the paper, samples of water from ten wells were collected and for measuring the quantities of toxicants, experiments were carried out during 4 seasons of year. Toxicant residues in samples were analyzed according to Gas Chromatography–Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD) method. Due to phosphorous toxicant analyze results; it is revealed that in some cases precipitation amount has a great effect on toxicant concentration inside well water because of leaching higher layers. Also it is indicated that clay presence in soil due to toxicant holding and rain or flood occurrence cause to decrease and increase toxicant leak into the underground water respectively. Finally in order to Hinosan toxicant removal from water resources, active carbon has been utilized. The results indicated that adsorption by active carbon was of Langmuir type and this adsorbent effective cause to eliminate Hinosan toxin from water resources. Manuscript profile