Investigating the Setbacks in Conventional Dairy Farms by the Follow-Up of Their Potential and Effective Milk Yields

محورهای موضوعی : Camel

م.ت. سرایری ¹ (Department of Animal Production and Biotechnology,Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute, Madinate Al Irfane, 10 101, Rabat, Morocco)
ی. سانیتو ² (Department of Animal Production and Biotechnology,Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute, Madinate Al Irfane, 10 101, Rabat, Morocco)
جی.ف. توراند ³ (Department of Animal Production, CIRAD Environnement et Societes, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA30 / A, 34 398 Montpellier Cedex 5, Montpellier, France)

تاریخ دریافت : 1392/12/04 تاریخ پذیرش : 1393/05/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1394/03/11

کلید واژه: dairy herds, effective milk yield, lactation potential, live weight, rations,

چکیده مقاله :

The present study investigates the gap between the daily milk production potential and the effective milk yields in six herds. These two parameters and their changes were observed in the Gharb irrigation scheme (northwest of Morocco), during a five months study period. They were analyzed in relation to the changes in the rations of the cows and in their live weights. Results reveal that under conventional cattle rearing conditions in Morocco, i.e. the vast majority of smallholder units and farms with an area less than 20ha, dairy production suffers from numerous setbacks. One of the most evident is farmer's lack of knowledge of cows’ dietary requirements and their changes throughout the lactation period. Moreover, dairy farmers seem to ignore the changes in forages net energy, rumen degradable and metabolizable protein contents, which induce many errors in providing concentrate supplements. Results also show that the effective milk yield is often inferior to the lactation potential, given the limited availability of forage coupled to errors in rations formulation. Finally, the results emphasize the need to reconsider the use of high genetic merit cows, because of their rising prices, in farms characterized by erratic fodder availability coupled to the absence of balanced rations formulation.

چکیده انگلیسی:

مطالعه حاضر تفاوت بین تولید شیر روزانه بالقوه و تولید شیر عملکردی را در 6 گله بررسی نمود. این دو فراسنجه و تغییرات آنها در پروژه آبیاری غرب (شمال ­غرب موراکو) در طی یک دوره 5 ماهه بررسی شد. تولید شیر روزانه بالقوه و تولید شیر عملکردی در رابطه با تغییرات در جیره گاوها و وزن بدنشان آنالیز شدند. نتایج حاکی از آن است که تحت شرایط پرورشی سنتی گاوها در موراکو (در شرایطی که عمده­ واحدهای کوچک و مزارع زیر 20 هکتار هستند) تولید گاوهای شیری موانع فراوانی دارند. یکی از بارزترین موارد تأثیر‌گذار فقدان دانش کشاورزان از نیازمندی­های گاوهای شیری و تغییرات آن در طی دوره شیردهی است. به­ علاوه، به نظر می­رسد در مزارع گاوهای شیری تغییرات در انرژی خالص علوفه­ها، محتوای پروتئین خام قابل تجزیه و قابل متابولیسم شکمبه­ای را نادیده گرفته می‌شود که این امر منجر به بروز اشتباهات بسیاری در تأمین مکمل­های کنسانتره­ای می ‌شود. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که تولید شیر عملکردی (واقعی) اغلب پائین­تر از تولید شیر بالقوه است که به دسترسی محدود به علوفه که مترادف با خطا در تنظیم جیره­ها می‌باشد اشاره دارد. در انتها، نتایج حاکی از این است که در استفاده از گاوهای با ارزش ژنتیکی بالا (به دلیل قیمت زیادشان) در مزارع با دسترسی نامنظم به خوراک (که مترادف با تنظیم جیره‌های فاقد بالانس است) باید تجدید نظر کرد

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