Identification of Appropriate Strategies to Improve and Develop Private Agricultural Extension System: A Study in Mazandaran Province, Iran
محورهای موضوعی : Decision-makingامیر احمدپور 1 , فاطمه ابوالقاسمی 2 , هادی مؤمنی هلالی 3
1 - دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، واحد ساری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساری، ایران
2 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، واحد ساری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساری،
3 - دانش آموخته دکتری گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: SWOT, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), agricultural extension privatization, Agricultural Consultation and Technical Service Firms,
چکیده مقاله :
In many countries, private sector provision of agricultural extension services is recognized as a key factor in the process of agricultural development. Insufficient attention to the private agricultural extension system in Iran, despite its relative success, has made it imperative to explore and identify appropriate strategies to improve and develop its activities. The statistical population of the present study consisted of 40 knowledgeable and experienced experts of agricultural consultation and technical service firms as a sample of private extension systems in Iran. The research used the SWOT and TOWS methods as the basis for the AHP technique known as the hybrid A’WOT method. In the first step of the research, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of these firms were evaluated. The results of the first step were used to extract 11 strategies by the TOWS diagram. In the second step, to identify the most appropriate strategies to improve the performance of private extension firms, 12 experienced experts were sampled from the research population by the snowball technique. The research instrument was two questionnaires whose validity were determined by face and content validation methods and whose reliability were estimated by Cronbach’s alpha and inconsistency ratio strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were assessed in the first step. Then, TOWS was employed to develop 11 strategies. In the second step of the research, the AHP technique was used to identify the most appropriate strategies. The ranking of the strategies revealed that the strategies “financial support of firms and farmers in order to lay the ground for the privatization of agricultural activities” and “orienting the attitudes of the policymakers and managers of the public sector towards the role of private extension activities” were the most important strategies to improve and develop these firms in Mazandaran province, so they should be considered by the officials.
در بسیاری از کشورها، خدمات ترویج کشاورزی خصوصی به عنوان عامل کلیدی در فرایند توسعه کشاورزی شناخته می‌شود. عدم توجه کافی به نظام ترویج کشاورزی خصوصی در ایران، علیرغم موفقیت نسبی آن، موجب شد تا موضوع بررسی و شناسایی راهبردهای مناسب به منظور بهبود و گسترش فعالیت این نظام مورد توجه و تاکید قرار گیرد. جامعه آماری تحقیق حاضر شامل 40 از خبرگان و فعالان مطلع و باتجربه در حوزه فعالیت شرکت‌های خدمات مشاوره‌ای، فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، بعنوان نماد نظامهای ترویج خصوصی در ایران بود. در این تحقیق از روشهای SWOT و TOWS بعنوان پایهای برای تکنیک AHP استفاده شده است که به روش ترکیبی A'WOT معروف است. در گام اول تحقیق، نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصت و تهدیدات فعالیت این شرکتها مورد بررسی و ارزیابی قرار گرفت. با استفاده از نتایج بدست آمده در گام اول و به کمک نمودار TOWS، 11 استراتژی شناسایی و تدوین گردید.در گام دوم، به منظور شناسایی مناسبترین استراتژی‌ها به منظور بهبود فعالیت شرکت‌های خصوصی ترویجی، 12 نفر از خبرگان با تجربه به روش گلوله برفی از بین 40 نفر شناسایی و مورد پرسش قرار گرفتند. ابزار تحقیق دو پرسشنامه بود که برای تعیین روایی، از روایی ظاهری و محتوایی و برای سنجش پایایی از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ (برای پرسشنامه گام اول) و نرخ ناسازگاری (برای پرسشنامه گام دوم) استفاده شد. نتایج ارزیابی نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصت و تهدید در گام اول نشان داد، بکارگیری کارشناسان تحصیلکرده و فعال کشاورزی به عنوان مهمترین مزیت و عدم وجود نظام مناسب بیمه‌ای برای اعضای شرکتها و نبود نظام مالی و تعرفهای مناسب برای خدمات قابل ارائه به عنوان مهمترین نقاط ضعف شناسایی شدند. ایجاد انگیزه در جوانان بمنظور فعالیت در بخش کشاورزی نیز به عنوان مهمترین فرصت و عدم شفافیت سیاست‌های بلندمدت وزارت جهاد کشاورزی در مورد فعالیت ترویج خصوصی به عنوان مهمترین تهدید شناسایی شدند. در ادامه با استفاده از TOWS، 11 استراتژی تدوین گردید. در گام دوم تحقیق، بمنظور شناسایی مناسبترین راهبردها از تکنیکAHP استفاده شد. نتایج ارزیابی اولویت استراتژی‌ها در گام دوم نشان داد استراتژی‌های؛ پشتیبانی و حمایت مالی شرکتها و کشاورزان در راستای فرهنگسازی و بستر سازی خصوصیسازی فعالیت‌های کشاورزی، جهت‌‌دهی و اصلاح نگرش سیاستگزاران و مدیران دولتی نسبت به اهمیت و جایگاه فعالیت‌های ترویج خصوصی و اعطای امتیازات و سیاست‌های تشویقی و حمایتی در ابعاد مختلف مالی و فنی به دانش آموختگان کشاورزی بویژه جوانان روستایی در جهت ترغیب به تاسیس و مدیریت شرکتها در فرآیند توسعه کشاورزی و روستایی بعنوان مهمترین راهبردهای بهبود و توسعه این شرکتها در استان مازندران شناسایی شدند که میبایست مورد توجه مسولین و دست اندکاران امر قرار گیرد.
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