Entrepreneurial Competencies of Managers in Hamedan's Rural Women Cooperatives (RWC)
محورهای موضوعی : Education and training
1 - دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
2 - دانشجوی دکتری ترویج کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: entrepreneurship, Competencies, Rural Women Cooperatives (RWC), woman’s entrepreneurs,
چکیده مقاله :
The main purpose of the study was to analyze the entrepreneurial competencies of the managers of rural women cooperative (RWC) in Hamedan province. The study used a survey method with a questionnaire as the main instrument. Data were collected from a sample of 105 managers. The validity of the questionnaire was verified by a panel of experts and its reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=0.94). Entrepreneurial competencies of managers were classified into eight factors, including “having strategic goals”, “ability to monitor and organize subordinates”, “risk-taking”, “ability to motivate and trust people”, “having a positive attitude and criticism”, “ability to identify and understand the needs of customers”, “public relation ability”, and “acquiring and applying skills and energy”. Structural equation modeling (SEM) by LISREL8.8 software was used to estimate a model for the entrepreneurial competencies of RWC managers. Results of SEM showed a good fit of the model with eight factors described before. The fit indices were placed in three main groups including goodness of fit index, comparative fit index, and parsimonious goodness of fit index. The results showed an excellent fit of the indices selected to measure the entrepreneurial competencies of RWC managers with observed variables in Hamedan province.
پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحیل شایستگیهای کارآفرینانه‌ی مدیران تعاونیهای زنان استان همدان انجام شده است. روش انجام تحقیق به صورت پیمایشی و با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه انجام پذیرفت. گردآوری دادهها با تکمیل پرسشنامهها توسط 105 نفر از مدیران تعاونیها به عنوان نمونههای تحقیق صورت گرفت. روایی پرسشنامه بر اساس نظر کارشناسان و متخصصان امر بررسی و تایید گردید و پایایی نیز با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 94/0= α محاسبه و مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. شایستگیهای کارآفرینانه مدیران تعاونیهای مورد مطالعه در هشت عامل قرار گرفتند. این عوامل عبارت بودند از "داشتن اهداف راهبردی"، "توانایی نظارت و سازماندهی افراد"، "ریسک‌پذیری"، "توانایی ایجاد انگیزه و اعتماد در افراد"، "برخورداری از نگرش مثبت و انتقادپذیر"، "توانایی شناسایی و درک نیاز مشتریان"، "مهارت در روابط عمومی و کسب و بکارگیری مهارت و انرژی". به منظور بررسی برازش مدل اندازهگیری مربوط به سازه شایستگیهای کارآفرینانه مدیران تعاونیهای مورد مطالعه، از مدل معادلاتساختاری با نرم‌افزار LISREL8.8 استفاده شد. نتایج مدل نشان دهنده برازش مناسب برای هشت سازه ذکر شده در بالا بود. همچنین سه نوع شاخص برازش مدل شامل شاخص نیکویی برازش (85/0PNFI= و90/0CFI=)، شاخص تطبیقی (99/0NNFI= ، 94/0 NFI=) و شاخص‌های برازش مقتصد (027/0 = RMSEA و 078/1 = ) برازش عالی و مناسب مدل اندازهگیری شایستگیهای کارآفرینانه‌ی مدیران تعاونیهای زنان را با دادههای مشاهده شده تأیید نمودند.
Ahmad, N. H. (2007). A cross cultural study of entrepreneurial competencies and entrepreneurial success in SMEs in Australia and Malaysia'. Unpublished dissertation Graduate School of Business, University of Adelaide, South Australia.
Alvandi, S. (2016). Investigating Effective Obstacles on Iranian Women Entrepreneurship. International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 1(1), 440-450.
Antonello, C. S. (2005). A metamorphose da aprendizagem organizacional: Uma reviso crtica. Ruas, R.L., Antonello, C.S., & Boff, L.H. Osnovos horizontes da gestمo: aprendizagem organizacional e competências. Porto Alegre: Bookman.
Baum, J. R., Locke, E. A., & Smith, K. G. (2001). A multidimensional model of venture growth. Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 292-303.
Bridge, S., & O'Neill, K. (2012). Understanding enterprise: Entrepreneurship and small business. Macmillan International Higher Education, USA.
Brophy, M., & Kiely, T. (2002). Competencies: A new sector. Journal of European Industrial Training, 26(2/3/4), 165-176.
Brownell, J. (2008). Leading on land and sea: Competencies and context. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27(2), 137-150.
Chandler, G. N., & Hanks, S. H. (1994). Market attractiveness, resource-based capabilities, venture strategies, and venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 9(4), 331-349.
Chandler, G. N., & Jansen, E. (1992). The founder’s self-assessed competence and venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 7(3), 223-236.
Chen, J., Zhu, Z. & Anquan, W. (2005). A system model for corporate entrepreneurship. International Journal of Manpower, 26 (6), 529- 543.
Cooper, A. C., Gimeno-Gascon, F. J., & Woo, C. Y. (1994). Initial human and financial capital as predictors of new venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 9(5), 371-395.
De Klerk, S. (2015). The creative industries: An entrepreneurial bricolage perspective. Management Decision, 53, 828-842.
Eravia, D., & Handayani, T. (2015). The opportunities and threats of small and medium enterprises in Pekanbaru: Comparison between SMEs in food and restaurant industries. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 169, 88-97.
Fithri, P., & Dan Sari, A. F. (2012). Analisis kompetensi kewirausahaan industri kecil suku cadang di Kota Padang. Jurnal Optimasi Sistem Industri, 11 (2), 279-292.
Freiling, J. (2015). Business model innovation--a concept between organizational renewal and industry transformation. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 11(1), 3-10.
Griffin, R. W. (2012). Managing New Venture Formation and Entrepreneurship', In Griffin,R. W. (Ed.), Management: Principles and Practices. South- Western, Cengage Learning. P.547.
Hisrich, R., & Shepherd, D. (2005). Entrepreneurship. Boston: McGraw-Hill Publisher.
Inyang, J.B., & Enuoh, R.O. (2009). Entrepreneurial Competencies: The missing links to successful entrepreneurship in Nigeria. International Business Research, 2(2), 62-71.
Izquierdo, E., Deschoolmeester, D., & Salazar, D. (2005). The importance of competencies for entrepreneurship: A view from entrepreneurs and scholars perspective. Internationalizing Entrepreneurship Education and Training Conference, Surrey, United Kingdom, PP. 1-13.
Kearney, C., Hisrich, R., & Roche, F. (2008). A conceptual model of public sector corporate entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4(1), 295- 313.
Khajenoori, B., & Moghaddas, A. (2009). Globalization and women's social capital. Social Science Journal, 5, 31-54.
Kyndt, V., & Baert, H. (2015). Entrepreneurial competences: Assessment and predictive value for entrepreneurship. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 90, 13- 25.
Lerner, M., & Almor, T. (2002). Relationships among strategic capabilities and the performance of women‐owned small ventures. Journal of Small Business Management, 40(2), 109-125.
Man, T. W., Lau, T., & Snape, E. (2008). Entrepreneurial competencies and the performance of small and medium enterprises: an investigation through a framework of competitiveness. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 21(3), 257-276.
Man, T. W., Lau, T., & Chan, K. F. (2002). The competitiveness of small and medium enterprises: a conceptualization with focus on entrepreneurial competencies. Journal of Business Venturing, 17(2), 123-142.
McClelland, D. C. (1987). Characteristics of successful entrepreneurs. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 21(3), 219-233.
Mitchelmore, S., & Rowley, J. (2010). Entrepreneurial competencies: Aliterature review and development agenda. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 16(2), 92-111.
Mugion, F. (2013). EMPRETEC inspiring entrepreneurship. International Trade Forum, 1, 15-17.
Nega H.K.J., & Shamuganathan, G. (2010). The influence of personality traits and demographic factors on social Entrepreneurship stat up intention. Journal of Business Ethics, 95, 259- 260.
Rasmussen, E., Mosey, S., & Wright, M. (2011). The evolution of entrepreneurial competencies: A longitudinal study of university spin ‐ off venture emergence. Journal of Management Studies, 48(6), 1314-1345.
Reuver, M.D., Bouwman, H., & Haaker, T. (2013). Business model roadmapping: A practical approach to come from an existing to a desired business model. International Journal of Innovation Management, 17(1), 1-18.
Rezaei-Zadeh, M., Hogan, M., O’Reilly, J., Cleary, B., & Murphy, E. (2014). Using interactive management to identify, rank and model entrepreneurial competencies as universities’ entrepreneurship curricula. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 23, 57-94.
Ropega, J. (2011).The reasons and symptoms of failure in SME'. International Advances in Economic Research, 17(4), 476-483.
Sajilan, S., & Tehseen, S. (2015). Cultural orientations, entrepreneurial competencies and SMEs business success: The contingent roles of environmental turbulence and network competence. Review of Integrative Business & Economics Research, 4(2), 20-35.
Sardeshmukh, S., & Smith, R. (2010). An examination of skills and abilities in a process model of entrepreneurship, Retrieved 14 June, from http://www.swinburne.edu.au/lib/ir/onlineconferences/agse2010/000113. Pdf.
Sony, H. P. & Iman, S. (2005). Relationship between Entrepreneurial Learning, Entrepreneurial Competencies and Venture Success: Empirical Study on SMEs. International Journal Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 5(5/6), 454-468.
Sundah, D. I. E., Langi, C., & Maramis, D. R. S. (2018, January). Developing entrepreneurial competencies for successful business model canvas. Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 953, No. 1, p. 012040). IOP Publishing.
Tehseen, Sh., & Ramayah, T. (2015). Entrepreneurial competencies and SMEs business success: The contingent role of external integration. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1), 50- 61.
Verheul, I., Wennekers, S., Sudretsch, D., & Thurik, R. (2001). An eclectic theory of entrepreneurship. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers. Indiana University, India.
Volery, T., Mueller, S., & von Siemens, B. (2015). Entrepreneur ambidexterity: A study of entrepreneur behaviors and competencies in growth oriented small and medium-sized enterprises. International Small Business Journal, 33, 109-129.
Wagener, S., Gorgievski, M., & Rijsdijk, S. (2010). Businessman or host? Individual differences between entrepreneurs and small business owners in the hospitality industry. The Service Industries Journal, 30, 1513-1527.
