Toward Environmentally Sustainable Wheat Harvesting Operation in Rainfed and Irrigated Systems
محورهای موضوعی : Environmental policy and managementشمس‌اله عبداله پور 1 , ارمغان کوثری مقدم 2 , محمد بنایان 3
1 - گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
2 - گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
3 - گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
کلید واژه: energy, Exergy, Wheat, Environmental impacts, Emergy,
چکیده مقاله :
This study aimed to assess the environmental sustainability of wheat harvesting operation in rainfed and irrigated farming systems in three different locations in Iran, including Sari, Mashhad and Parsabad Moghan counties. Four sustainability indices of energy, emergy, exergy, and greenhouse gas emissions were investigated in this research. Results revealed that the energy efficiency of harvesting operation in irrigated systems was higher than that in rainfed systems. The emergy analysis results highlighted that the environmental sustainability indices for rainfed systems in Mashhad, Parsabad Moghan, and Sari were 0.047, 0.035 and 0.034, respectively. The values for the irrigated systems were 0.036, 0.035 and 0.034, respectively. The results of exergy analysis also indicated that the exergy efficiency of harvesting operation in rainfed and irrigated systems in Sari and Parsabad Moghan was higher than that in other areas by 56.07 and 128.72, respectively. Total GHG emissions of harvesting operation in Sari, Parsabad Moghan, and Mashhad in rainfed systems were determined to be lower than that in the irrigated systems (54.88, 47.64 and 36.03 kg CO2eq ha-1 versus 67.52, 66.56 and 59.22 kg CO2eq ha-1, respectively). In conclusion, the wheat harvesting system was environmentally more sustainable in Sari and Parsabad Moghan counties in rainfed and irrigated farming systems, respectively.
این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی پایداری زیست‌محیطی برداشت گندم در سیستم‌های کشاورزی دیم و آبی در سه منطقه مختلف در ایران، شامل ساری، مشهد و پارس‌آباد مغان انجام شد. چهار شاخص پایداری انرژی، امرژی، اگزرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای در این پژوهش بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که کارایی انرژی عملیات برداشت در سیستم‌های آبی بیشتر از سیستم‌های دیم بوده است. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل امرژی نشان داد که شاخص پایداری زیست‌محیطی در سیستم‌های دیم در مشهد، پارس‌آباد مغان و ساری به ترتیب 036/0، 035/0 و 034/0 بوده است. نتایج تحلیل اگزرژی نیز نشان داد که کارایی اگزرژی عملیات برداشت در سیستم‌های دیم و آبی در ساری و پارس‌آباد مغان به ترتیب با 07/56 و 72/128 بیشتر از مناطق دیگر بوده است. مجموع انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای در عملیات برداشت در ساری، پارس‌آباد مغان و مشهد در سیستم‌های دیم کمتر از سیستم‌های آبی تعیین شد (به ترتیب 88/54، 64/47 و 03/36 کیلوگرم کربن‌دی‌اکسید در هکتار در مقایسه با 52/67، 56/66 و 22/56 کیلوگرم کربن‌دی‌اکسید در هکتار). به صورت کلی، عملیات برداشت گندم در ساری و پارس‌آباد مغان به ترتیب در سیستم‌های کشت دیم و آبی دارای پایداری زیست‌محیطی بالاتری بودند.
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