Applying Newmark’s Strategies in the English Translation of Parvin Etessami’s Poetry with a Cultural Perspective

محورهای موضوعی : نشریه زبان و ترجمه

Shokoufeh Eskandari ¹ , Abolfazl Ramazani ² , Biook Behnam ³ , Roya Monsefi ⁴

1 - English Department, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
2 - English Department, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
3 - English Department, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
4 - English Department, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/12/10 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/01/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/04/10

کلید واژه: poetry, culture, Literal translation, Parvin Etessami,

چکیده مقاله :

Language and culture are closely interrelated and besides linguistic knowledge, cultural knowledge is crucial for a translator. Culture and linguistics specifically intertwine during poetry translation. To manifest this interconnectedness, the present study was focused on the poems of Parvin Etessami, a 20th-century Persian poetess, to determine the cultural elements in her poems and investigate their English translation. Eighteen couplets of Etessami’s poems were randomly selected to represent her poetry as a whole. The method was comparative-descriptive and the theoretical framework was based on Newmark’s (1988) strategies of translation. The concept of culture was studied within the paradigm of linguistics. The results of the analyses implied that in the majority of cases, Pazargadi resorted to two or more translation strategies for translating a cultural item simultaneously, indicating Newmark’s translation strategy of “couplets”. The second most frequent translation strategy was “modulation”. The translation strategies of “synonymy” and “reduction” were the least frequent ones. The strategies of “recognized translation”, “translation labels”, and “compensation” were not present in the selected samples. Hence, these strategies are not mentioned in the theoretical framework. The analyses indicated that the translator applied a literal translation besides different strategies to convey the intended meanings and preserve the style of the original poems.

چکیده انگلیسی:

زبان و فرهنگ، ارتباط بسیار نزدیکی با هم دارند و برای مترجم، داشتن اطلاعات فرهنگی در کنار دانش زبانشناسی بسیار ضروری است. فرهنگ و زبانشناسی بالاخص در جریان ترجمه شعر، به هم گره میخورند. به منظور نشان دادن این همبستگی، در پژوهش حاضر روی اشعار شاعره ایرانی، پروین اعتصامی تمرکز کردیم تا عناصر فرهنگی را در اشعار وی مشخص نموده و ترجمه انگلیسی آنها را که توسط علاء الدین پازارگادی انجام شده است، بررسی کنیم. به این منظور، 18 بیت از اشعار مختلف پروین اعتصامی به صورت تصادفی انتخاب گردید تا نماینده کلیات اشعار او باشند. روش تحقیق، روش تطبیقی-توصیفی بوده و چهارچوب نظری بر اساس روش نیومارک (1988) که رویکردی زبانشناسی- محور به ترجمه داشت، انتخاب شد. مفهوم فرهنگ، طبق مدل زبانشناسی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج تحلیل ها و بررسی های انجام شده، به این موضوع اشاره داشت که پازارگادی در اکثر موارد، بطور همزمان به دو یا چند استراتژی ترجمه جهت برگرداندن یک آیتم فرهنگی، متوسل شده است که بیانگر استراتژی "ترجمه تلفیقی" نیومارک می باشد. دومین استراتژی پرکاربرد در ترجمه "ترجمه تعدیلی" بوده و استراتژی های "هم معنایی" و "تقلیل" کم کاربردترین استراتژی ها در ترجمه بودند. استراتژی های "ترجمه اصطلاحات سازمانی"، "برچسب های ترجمه" و "رویکرد جبران معنای از دست رفته" در ترجمه نمونه اشعار منتخب، مورد استفاده قرار نگرفته بودند. به همین جهت، عناوین این استراتژی ها درچهارچوب نظری ذکر نشده است. بررسی ها نشان داد که مترجم علاوه بر استراتژی های مختلف در انتقال معنای مورد نظر از روش ترجمه تحت الفظی استفاده و سبک اشعار اصلی را در ترجمه ها حفظ کرده است.

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