Effect of Baking Methods Types on Residues of Heavy Metals in the Different Breads Produced with Wheat Flour in Iran: A Case Study of Mashhad
محورهای موضوعی :
Sajjad Ghasemi
1
(Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran|Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran)
Mohammad Hashemi
2
(Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran|Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran)
Mahdi Gholian Aval
3
(Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran|Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran)
Saeed Khanzadi
4
(Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
Mohammad Safarian
5
(Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran)
Arezoo Orooji
6
(Student Research Committee, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran)
Seyedeh Belin Tavakoly Sany
7
(Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran|Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran)
کلید واژه: Bread, Heavy metals, Baking methods, Traditional process, Industrial process,
چکیده مقاله :
Food contamination with heavy metals is the main concern for human health that increases globally. Bread wheat is one of the most important grain products for human consumption. The aim of the study is to examine the effect of baking methods on residues of heavy metals in the different breads produced with wheat flour in Mashhad, Iran. A total of 180 samples of different breads produced in 90 bakery shops in Mashhad was analyzed for some heavy metals (Fe, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, Co, As, Al, V, Cd, and Ni) by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results showed that the average concentration of Fe, Al, Zn, Cu, and Cd in some bread samples were significantly (p<0.05) different between traditional and industrial baking processes. The average concentrations of the entire test of Fe (46.35±39.78 mg.kg-1), Cr (0.28±0.33 mg.kg-1), Al (3.49±1.89 mg.kg-1), and As (0.479±0.229 mg.kg-1) were higher than the current corresponding safety limit in all type of bread. The results obtained indicated that the government requires implementing more remediation or intervention to control and mitigating the contamination burden of heavy metals in traditional bread in the study area to reduce its associated risks for human health.
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