شناسایی و بررسی شایستگی‌های موردنیاز یادگیرندگان در بستر الکترونیکی
محورهای موضوعی : آموزش و پرورشفاطمه نارنجی ثانی 1 , جواد پورکریمی 2 , فاطمه تیزهوش جلالی 3
1 - استادیار،گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 - استادیار،گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
3 - کارشناس ارشد مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: آموزش عالی, شایستگی, یادگیری الکترونیکی, دانشگاه تهران,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه و هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی شایستگی های مورد نیاز یادگیرندگان در بستر الکترونیکی در دانشگاه تهران انجام شد. روش پژوهش از نظر هدف، کاربردی از نظر گردآوری داده ها آمیخته ی اکتشافی که در بخش اول با استفاده از رویکرد کیفی و روش تحقیق مطالعه ی اسنادی،تعداد 41 مولفه شناسایی شد
مواد و روشها: جامعه آماری پژوهش کلیه ی دانشجویان دانشگاه تهران است که در سال تحصیلی 99-98 به شیوه ی الکترونیکی پذیرفته شده بودند که با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری تصادفی-طبقه ای 308 نفر به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. در مرحله کمی از بین 41 مؤلفه شناسایی شده 18 مولفه که دارای بیشترین فراوانی بود انتخاب شدند و با استفاده از رویکرد کمی و روش تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی ابزار محقق ساخته شامل 78 گویه بر اساس آنهاساخته شد. مؤلفه های شناسایی شده در4دسته ی کلی تر (دانش،مهارت،توانایی، نگرش و ویژگی)طبقه بندی شدند. روایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از نظر اساتید دانشگاهی و روایی سازه بررسی و مورد تایید قرار گرفت و همسانی درونی آن با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ (94%)محاسبه شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با کمک دو نرم افزار spss و lisrel انجام گرفت.
یافتهها: نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها نشان می دهد:1-مدل ارائه شده از برازش مطلوبی برخوردار است.2-ازبین 18 مولفه ی شناسایی شده تمامی مولفه ها به جز مولفه ی تجارب قبلی مرتبط با IT در سطح بالاتر از متوسط قرار دارد.3- از نظر دانشجویان ازبین 18 مولفه مولفه ی مهارت استفاده از کامپیوتر(سخت افزار و نرم افزار) در اولویت اول قرار گرفت و مولفه ی خودارزیابی پایین ترین اولویت را دارد.4-از نظر دانشجویان به ترتیب عامل مهارت،دانش،توانایی،ویژگی نگرش در رتبه ی اول تا چهارم قرار دارد.
بحث و نتیجهگیری: به نظر میرسد داشتن محیط مناسب جهت یادگیری الکترونیکی مستلزم توجه دانشگاه و اعضای هیئت علمی به نیازها و اولویت های دانشجویان است.
Abstract
Introduction: The present study was conducted to identify the competencies of learners in the e-learning environment at the University of Tehran. The research method was applied on purpose, and data collection is a mixed method. In the first part, using a qualitative approach and documentary research method, 41 components were identified, and then 18 components with the highest frequencies were selected.
Materials and Methods: The statistical population has been included all students of the University of Tehran who had the experience of studying in an online learning environment, then 308 individuals were selected as a sample using a random sampling method. In the second part, using a quantitative approach and descriptive-analytical research method, the researcher-made questionnaire is based on 18 components identified in the previous step were classified into four categories and included 78 items. Experts examined the questionnaire’s validity, and we used Lisrel for structural validity, and its reliability was obtained for 0.94 by Cronbach’s alpha. On the other hand, we used SPSS and LISREL software to analyze the findings, and single-variable t-test, independent t-analysis and factor analysis were used.
Findings: Results of the data analysis show that: 1- According to confirmatory factor analysis, all test items show a desirable level, which means the proposed model has a good fit 2. Among the 18 components identified, all components except the component of previous experiences related to IT are at a higher than average level. 3- According to students, it was placed in the priority among the 18 components of computer skills (hardware and software), and the self-assessment component has the lowest priority.
Conclusion: It seems that to have a proper e-learning environment university and faculties should pay more attentions to the students’ need and priorities.
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