حلال‌های یوتکتیک عمیق: حلال‌های سبز نوظهور
محورهای موضوعی : محیط زیست ، اقتصاد ، مهندسی ، شهرسازی و توسعه پایدار
بهرام به نژادی
1
(دانشکده مهندسی مواد، مرکز تحقیقات مواد پیشرفته، دانشگاه صنعتی سهند، تبریز، ایران)
کلید واژه: حلال, یوتکتیک عمیق, حلال سبز, توسعه پایدار,
چکیده مقاله :
توسعه پایدار و به تبع آن صنعت سبز نیازمند استفاده از حلال‌های جدیدی به جای حلال‌های متداول است. حلال‌های متداول اغلب سمی و فرار هستند و باعث مشکلات زیست محیطی می‌شوند. در چند دهه اخیر حلال‌های یوتکتیک عمیق توسط محققین در سرتاسر دنیا مورد توجه قرار گرفته‌اند. در این مقاله، پیشینه ظهور و استفاده از حلال‌های یوتکتیک عمیق از طریق اسناد منتشر شده در این زمینه مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. حلال‌های یوتکتیک عمیق ترکیبی از دو یا سه جزء ارزان و ایمن هستند که از طریق پیوند هیدروژنی ترکیب می‌شوند. بطوریکه یک محلول یوتکتیک با دمای ذوب پایین‌تر از هر کدام از اجزای ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده بدست می‌آید و حلال بدست آمده عموماً در دماهای کم‌تر از °C۱۰۰ به حالت مایع است. حلال‌های یوتکتیک عمیق رفتار و خواص فیزیکی و شیمیایی مشابهی با محلول‌های یونی از خود نشان می‌دهند. در حالی که حلال‌های یوتکتیک عمیق خیلی ارزان‌تر و زیست‌سازگارتر از محلول‌های یونی هستند. به دلیل مزیت‌های زیاد حلال‌های یوتکتیک عمیق مطالعات بسیار زیادی در زمینه تهیه و سنتز حلال‌ها و همچنین بررسی و شناخت خواص فیزیکی و شیمیایی آن‌ها انجام می‌گیرد. علاوه بر این کاربرد حلال‌های یوتکتیک عمیق در زمینه‌های مختلف در حال بررسی بوده و استفاده از این حلال‌ها در زمینه‌هایی نظیر سنتز نانوذرات، الکتروپولیش، پوشش‌دهی الکتریکی، استخراج فلزات به سرعت در حال افزایش است. به طور کلی، حلال‌های یوتکتیک عمیق به دلیل خواص مثبت آن‌ها در مقایسه با حلال‌های معمولی، پتانسیل قابل توجهی برای توسعه پایدار و کاربردهای صنعت سبز از خود نشان می‌دهند. تحقیقات در حال انجام به منظور افزایش درک ما از این حلال‌ها و کشف کاربردهای متنوع آن‌ها در زمینه‌های مختلف ادامه دارد.
Sustainable development and the growth of green industries require the adoption of new solvents to replace traditional ones. Conventional solvents are known to be toxic and volatile and pose significant environmental challenges. In recent years, scientists around the world have extensively investigated deep eutectic solvents. This article aims to provide an overview of the history and use of deep eutectic solvents based on published literature in this field. Deep eutectic solvents consist of two or three inexpensive and safe components that are combined to form a eutectic solution with a lower melting temperature than each individual component. Consequently, these solvents typically remain liquid at temperatures below 100°C. Deep eutectic solvents exhibit similar behavior and physicochemical properties to ionic solutions but are more cost-effective and biocompatible. Due to their numerous advantages, extensive studies have been conducted on their preparation, synthesis, as well as their physical and chemical properties. Furthermore, deep eutectic solvents are being investigated for various applications, and their use in fields, such as nanoparticle synthesis, electropolishing, electrodeposition, and metal extraction, is rapidly increasing. Overall, the adoption of deep eutectic solvents offers significant potential for sustainable development and green industry applications due to their favorable properties compared to conventional solvents. Ongoing research continues to expand our understanding of these solvents and explore their diverse applications in various fields.
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