مکان‌یابی اسکان اضطراری در منطقه 19 شهر تهران با استفاده از روش تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بلایای طبیعی
افراسیاب خیردست
1
,
سید علی جوزی
2
,
سحر رضایان
3
,
مهناز میرزا ابراهیم طهرانی
4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استاد گروه محیط‌زیست، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.*(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - گروه مهندسی محیط‌زیست، واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران.
4 - گروه مدیریت محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: مکان‌یابی, اسکان اضطراری, روش تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره, منطقه‌ی 19 شهر تهران.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر ارائه‌ی الگوی مناسب براي مكان‌يابي جهت اسكان اضطراری ناشی از بلایای طبیعی و غیرطبیعی در منطقه 19 تهران می‌باشد. روش بررسی: روش انجام پژوهش از نوع توصيفي– تحليلي بوده و تحليل داده‌ها با استفاده از روش تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره و سامانه‌ی Arc GIS وExcel می‌باشد. جامعه آماري از بین متغيرهاي مكان‌يابي اسكان اضطراری انتخاب و روش نمونه‌گیری بصورت ساده و حجم نمونه‌گیری با استفاده از جدول مورگان (19=n) بدست آمد. ابزار پژوهش، پرسشنامه بود که به بصورت کمی طراحی و سوالات آن با استفاده از استانداردهای اسکان اضطراری استخراج و در بین خبرگان پخش شد. روایی پرسشنامه توسط متخصصین تایید شد و مقدار آن 421/0 بدست آمد. پایایی پرسشنامه نیز با استفاده از SPSS20 با ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 827/0 محاسبه شد. یافته‌ها: یافته‌ای پژوهش حاضر از 3 معیار اصلی (مطلوبیت، سازگاری و ظرفیت) و 18 زیرمعیار جهت تعیین اسکان در نظر گرفته شد. در فرایند مکان‌یابی اسکان اضطراری، ابتدا لایه‌های اطلاعاتی تهیه و سپس استانداردسازی و ضرائب AHP به آنها اعمال شده و در نهایت پس از وزن‌دار کردن آنها، همپوشانی لایه‌ها انجام شد. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: پس از تولید نهایی نقشه‌ی اسکان و طبق نتایج این پژوهش، 28 پهنه با ارزش 9_7 جهت اسکان مورد پذیرش واقع شد، همچنین 17 پهنه با ارزش 7 (نسبتا خوب)، 7 پهنه با ارزش 8 (خوب) و 4 پهنه با ارزش 9 (ایده‌آل) در منطقه مورد مطالعه جهت اسکان اضطراری شناسایی شدند. در مجموع 13218725 مترمربع حدودا معادل 1321 هکتار در منطقه 19 تهران قابلیت اسکان را پیدا کرد.
Background and Objective: The purpose of this research is providing a suitable model for locating emergency accommodation caused by natural and unnatural disasters in the 19th district of Tehran. Material and Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical and data analysis is done using MCDM and Arc GIS and Excel system. The statistical population was selected from among the variables of emergency accommodation location and the sampling method was simple and the sampling volume was obtained using Morgan's table (n = 19). The research tool was a questionnaire that was quantitatively designed and its questions were extracted using emergency accommodation standards and distributed among experts. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its value was 0.421. The reliability of the questionnaire was also calculated using SPSS20 software with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.827. Findings: finding of the present research was considered from 3 main criteria (desirability, compatibility and capacity) and 18 sub-criteria to determine accommodation. In the process of locating emergency accommodation, first, information layers were prepared, then standardization and AHP coefficients were applied to them, and finally, after weighting them, layers were overlapped. Discussion and Conclusions: After the final production of the settlement map and according to the results of this research, 28 zones with a value of 7-9 were accepted for settlement. Also, 17 areas with a value of 7 (relatively good), 7 areas with a value of 8 (good) and 4 areas with a value of 9 (ideal) were identified in the study area for emergency accommodation. In total, 1,321,8725 square meters, equivalent to 1,321 hectares, were habitable in District 19 of Tehran.
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