اثر آموزش تأمل بر کارکردهای اجرایی، دوراندیشی رویدادی و خلاقیت کودکان 3 تا 5 سال
محورهای موضوعی : تربیتی
قاسم محمدیاری
1
(دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز ایران)
ناصر بهروزی
2
(دانشیار گروه روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران)
منیجه شهنی ییلاق
3
(استاد گروه روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران)
غلامحسین مکتبی
4
(دانشیار گروه روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران)
کلید واژه: خلاقیت, کودکان مهدکودک‌ها, دوراندیشی رویدادی, آموزش تأمل, کارکردهای اجرایی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از این پژوهش، تعیین اثربخشی آموزش تأمل بر کارکردهای اجرایی، دوراندیشی رویدادی و خلاقیت کودکان 3 تا 5 سال بود. این پژوهش، از نوع آزمایشی و طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون با گروه گواه بود. جامعۀ آماری این پژوهش، کلیۀ کودکان 3 تا 5 سال دارای کارکردهای اجرایی پایین در مهدکودک های شهر اهواز در سال 1397 بود. در این پژوهش، حجم نمونه 30 کودک 3، 4 و 5 سال بود که به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای مورد استفاده در این پژوهش عبارت بودند از پرسشنامۀ سنجش رفتاری کارکرد اجرایی – نسخۀ پیش‌دبستانی(Gioia, Espy & Isquith, 2003)، آزمون مرتب کردن کارت با ابعاد متغیر (Zelazo, 2006)، تکلیف کتاب تصویر (Atance & Meltzoff, 2005) و آزمون تفکر خلاق در عمل و حرکت تورنس (Torrance, 1981). تحلیل کوواریانس چندمتغیره نشان داد که بین میانگین‌های پس‌آزمون دو گروه (آزمایشی و کنترل) در کارکردهای اجرایی، دوراندیشی رویدادی و خلاقیت کودکان تفاوت وجود دارد (383/10 F=، 001/0 <p) . تحلیل کوواریانس یک‌متغیره در متن مانکوا نشان داد که آموزش تأمل، اثر معنا داری بر کارکردهای اجرایی (109/11 F=، 01/0 <p)، دوراندیشی رویدادی (857/5 F=، 05/0 < p) و خلاقیت (529/12 F=، 01/0 <p) کودکان داشت و میانگین نمره های گروه آزمایشی در پس‌آزمون به طور قابل ملاحظه‌ای بالا بود.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of reflection training on executive functions, episodic foresight and creativity. This study was experimental, pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all children ages 3- 5 with low executive functions in kindergartens in Ahvaz city on 1397. In this study 30 children had selected by single-stage random sampling. The tools used in this study were Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function – preschool version (Gioia, Espy & Isquith, 2003), Dimensional Change Card Sort (Zelazo, 2006), Picture-Book Task (Atance & Meltzoff, 2005) and Torrance's thinking creativity in action and movement (Torrance, 1981). Multivariate covariance analysis showed that there are significant differences between two groups (experimental and control) in executive functions, episodic foresight and creativity (F = 10.38, p < 0.001). An analysis of a variable covariance in the MANCOVA text revealed reflection training has a significant effect on the executive functions (F = 11.10, p < 0.01) on the episodic foresight (F = 5.85, p < 0.05) and on creativity (F = 12.52, p < 0.01) in favor of the experimental group.
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