تاثیر ساختاری سبکهای دلبستگی بر ادراک شایستگی با میانجی‌گری عزت نفس در دانشآموزان ابتدایی پایه چهارم، پنجم و ششم
محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی
پریسا خجسته جلال
1
(دانشجوی دکتری، گروه روانشناسی ،واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران)
داود معنوی‌پور
2
(دانشیار گروه روانشناسی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران)
مجتبی صداقتی فرد
3
(استادیار گروه علوم اجتماعی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران)
کلید واژه: سبک های دلبستگی, عزت نفس, ادراک شایستگی, دانش آموزان پایه چهارم, پنجم و ششم ابتدایی,
چکیده مقاله :
با توجه به اهمیت و ضرورت شناخت ادراک شایستگی و تاثیری که این متغیر بر ادراک مثبت از خویش و احساس کفایت دانش آموزان ابتدایی دارد و به عنوان شاخص مهمی از سلامت روان دانش آموزان در نظر گرفته میشود، پژوهش حاضر در پی آن بود تا با طراحی الگویی تاثیر برخی از مهمترین متغیرهای موثر بر ادراک شایستگی کودکان را بررسی نماید. این پژوهش یک پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی از نوع همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری شامل همه دانشآموزان ابتدایی پایه (چهارم، پنجم و ششم) در شهر قدس در سال تحصیلی ۹۸-۱۳۹۷ بود. نمونه شامل ۴۰۰ دانش آموز ابتدایی پایه چهارم، پنجم و ششم (۲۰۰ دختر و ۲۰۰ پسر) بودند که با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند و پرسشنامههای خود-ادراکی کودکان(Harter,1982)، عزت‌نفس (Coopersmith,1967) و روابط میانی دلبستگی (Kappenberg & Halpern, 2006) را تکمیل کردند. از همبستگی پیرسون و الگویابی معادلات ساختاری با استفاده از نرم افزارهای SPSS نسخه ۲۴ و لیزرل نسخه ۸ استفاده شد. نتایج نشان دادند که سبکهای دلبستگی هم به طور مستقیم و هم از مسیر عزت نفس، ادراک شایستگی را پیش‌بینی میکنند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد برنامه‌ریزان و مشاوران برای افزایش ادراک شایستگی در دانشآموزان به نقش مهم و بنیادین عزت‌نفس و سبک-های دلبستگی توجه داشته باشند و با برگزاری کارگاه‌های آموزشی به ارتقای آن‌ها بپردازند.
The aim of this study was the structural effect of attachment styles on perceived competency mediated by self-esteem in fourth, fifth and sixth grade elementary students. This study was a descriptive-analytical correlational study. The statistical population included all students of the second year of elementary school (fourth, fifth and sixth) in the city of Quds in 2019-2020. The sample consisted of 400 fourth, fifth and sixth grade elementary students 200 girls and 200 boys) who were selected by simple random sampling and completed The Harter Children's Self-Perception Profile, Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Questionnaire, and The Kinship Center Attachment Questionnaire. Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling were used using SPSS version 24 and LiserL 8 software. The results showed that attachment styles predict competency perception, directly and through self-esteem. The results of this study showed that planners and counselors to pay attention to the important and fundamental role of self-esteem and attachment styles to increase competence perception in students and to promote them by holding workshops.
Aboui, M. M., Tahmassian, K., & Khosh, K. A. (2010). The impact of anger management training on anger self-regulation skills and parent-adolescent conflicts in female adolescents of junior high (guidance) schools in Tehran FALL 2010. Research-Scientific Journals, 9(23), 393-404.
Afshari, A. (2016). Investigating the relationship between positive self-esteem with an optimitic attitude. The second national conference on management research and humanities in Iran. Journal of Management Research Institute, 12(1), 1-10. (Persian)
Allgood, S. M., Beckert, T. E., & Peterson, C. (2012). The role of father involvement in the perceived psychological well-being of young adult daughters: A retrospective study. North American Journal of Psychology, 14(1), 95-110.
Attaran, N., & Mohammadi, N. (2019). The mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between attachment orientations and psychological adjustment. Journal of Evolutionary psychology, 15(58), 139-151.
Block, E. B. (2004). Adult attachment styles, children's self-competence, and children's cognitive ability: An ecological perspective (Doctoral dissertation, Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College).
Bögels, S.M., & Brechman-Toussaint, M.L. (2006). Family issues in child anxiety: Attachment, family functioning, parental rearing and beliefs. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(7), 834-56.
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol 2. Separation. New York: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1988). Clinical applications of attachment: A secure base. London: Routlege, 85.
Buduris, A. K. (2017). Considering the role of relationship-contingent self-esteem: Attachment style, conflict behaviors, and relationship satisfaction (Doctoral dissertation, Iowa State University).
Bylsma, W. H., Cozzarelli, C., & Sumer, N. (1997). Relation between adult attachment styles and global self-esteem. Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 19(1), 1–16.
Caplan, S.E. (2006). Relations among loneliness, social anxiety, and problematic Internet use. Journal of CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10, 234- 242.
Coopersmith, S. (1967). The antecedents of self-esteem. San Francisco Freeman.
Coughlin, C., & Robins, R. W. (2017). Self-concept development. In A. Wenzel (Ed.), SAGE encyclopedia of abnormal and clinical psychology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Cusimano, M.D., & Sameem, M. (2011). The effectiveness of middle and high school-based suicide prevention programmes for adolescents: a systematic review. Journal of Injury Prevention, 17(1),m43-9
Cvencek, D., Fryberg, S. A., Covarrubias, R., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2018). Self‐concepts, self‐esteem, and academic achievement of minority and majority north American elementary school children. Journal of Child Development, 89(4), 1099-1109.
Daroghe Arefi, N., Hosseini Nia, R., & Bahr al-Ulum, H. (2015). The relationship between parental participation and self-esteem and perceived competence of combatants in Mashhad. Journal of Sports Psychology Studies, 13, 39-54.
Ford, M. B., and Collins, N. L. (2010). Self-esteem moderates neuroendocrine & psychological responses to interpersonal rejection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 405–419.
Foster, J. D., Kernis, M. H., & Goldman, B. M. (2007). Linking adult attachment to self-esteem stability. Journal of Physical Education Self and Identity, 6(1), 64-73.
Gacek, M., Pilecka, W., & Fusińska-Korpik, A. (2014). Psychometric properties of Self-Perception Profile for Children in a Polish sample. Polish Journal of Applied Psychology, 12(3), 85-103.
Glauber Carvalho Nobre, Nadia C Valentini. (2019). Self-Perception of Competence: concept, changes in childhood, and gender and age-group differences. Journal of Physical Education, 30, 1-10.
Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., and Solomon, S. (1986). The causes and consequences of a need for self-esteem: a terror management theory, in Public Self
and Private Self, ed. R. F. Baumeister (New York, NY: Springer-Verlag), 189–207.
Griffin, D., & Bartholomew, K. (1994). Models of the self and other: Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(3), 430–445.
Harter, S. (2003). The development of self-representations during childhood and adolescence. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (pp. 610–642). The Guilford Press.
Harter, S. (2015). The construction of the self: Developmental and sociocultural foundations. Guilford Publications.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality Social Psychology, 52(3),511-33.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1994). Attachment as an organizational framework for research on close relationships. Journal of Psychological Inquiry, 5(1), 1-22.
Kamkar, K., Doyle, A. B., & Markiewicz, D. (2012). Insecure attachment to parents and depressive symptoms in early adolescence: Mediating roles of attributions and self-esteem. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 4(2), 3.
Kappenberg, E. S., & Halpern, D. F. (2006). Kinship center attachment questionnaire: Development of a caregiver-completed attachment measure for children younger than 6 years. Journal of Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(5), 852-873.
Kheirkhah, M., Mokarie, H., Nisani Samani, L., & Hosseini, A. F. (2013). Relationship between anxiety and self-concept in female adolescents. Iran Journal of Nursing, 26(83), 19-29.
Khezerlou, E. (2017). Professional self-esteem as a predictor of teacher burnout across Iranian and Turkish EFL teachers. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research,5, 113–130
Khoshkam, S., Bahrami, F., Ahmadi, S. A., Fatehizade, M., & Etemadi, O. (2012). Attachment style and rejection sensitivity: The mediating effect of self-esteem and worry among Iranian college students. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 8(3), 363-374.
Kolovelonis, A., Mousouraki, M., Goudas, M., & Michalopoulou, M. (2013). Psychometric properties of the Greek version of the children and youth physical self-perception profile questionnaire. Journal of Advances in Physical Education, 3(04), 158-167.
Mikulincer, M. (1995). Attachment style and the mental representation of the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(6), 1203.
Moksnes, U. K., Moljord, I. E., Espnes, G. A., & Byrne, D. G. (2010). The association between stress and emotional states in adolescents: The role of gender and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Individual Differences, 49(5), 430-435.
Nagai, Y., Nomura, K., Nagata, M., Kaneko, T., & Uemura, O. (2018). Children’s Perceived Competence Scale: reevaluation in a population of Japanese elementary and junior high school students. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 12(1), 36.
Nagai, Y., Nomura, K., Nagata, M., Ohgi, S., & Iwasa, M. (2015). Children’s perceived competence scale: reference values in Japan. Journal of child health care, 19(4), 532-541.
Naseri Karimvand, A., & Azami, Y. (2021). The mediating role of competence perception and social problem-solving in the relationship between attachment styles and aggression in adolescents. Journal of Rooyesh, 10 (6), 75-84. (Persian)
Neff, K. D. (2011). Self‐compassion, self‐esteem, and well‐being. Journal of Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(1), 1-12.
Nikmanesh, Z., Kazemi, Y., & Zarenejad, Z. (2017). The Effect of Life Skills Training on Anger Management and Perception of Competence in Children. Journal of Educational Psychology Studies, 14(27), 221-243.
Orth, U. (2018). The family environment in early childhood has a long-term effect on self-esteem: A longitudinal study from birth to age 27 years. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114(4), 637-655.
Orth, U., & Robins, R. W. (2019). Development of self-esteem across the lifespan. In D. P. McAdams, R. L. Shiner, & J. L. Tackett (Eds.), Handbook of personality development (pp. 328-344). New York, NY: Guilford.
Papadopoulo, D. (2021). Examining the relationships among cognitive ability, domain-Specific Self-concept, and behavioral self-esteem of gifted children aged 5-6 years: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 11(7), 93-112.
Park, L. E., Crocker, J., & Mickelson, K. D. (2004). Attachment styles and contingencies of self-worth. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(10), 1243-1254.
Potard, C., Amoura, C., Kubiszewski, V., Le Samedy, M., Moltrecht, B., & Courtois, R. (2015). Psychometric properties of the French version of the short form of the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory among adolescents and young adults. Journal of Evaluation & the Health Professions, 38(2), 265-279.
Rees, C. (2008). Children’s attachments. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 18(5), 219-226.
Rosen, H. M. (2016). Seeking Self-Certainty in an Uncertain Time: Attachment Style and Self-Esteem in Emerging Adulthood. Student Works. 10.
https://commons.clarku.edu/studentworks/10
Saadat, S., Etemadi, O., & Nilforooshan, P. (2015). The Relationship between resilience and attachment styles with academic. Journal of Research in Medical Education, 7(4), 46-55.
Salzman, J. P. (1996). Primary attachment in female adolescents: Association with depression, self-esteem, and maternal identification. Journal of Psychiatry, 59(1), 20-33.
Santos-Nunes, M., Narciso, I., Vieira-Santos, S., & Roberto, M. S. (2017). Parenting and emotional well-being of adoptive school-aged children: The mediating role of attachment. Journal of Children and Youth Services Review, 81.
Scharf, M. (2014). Children’s social competence within close friendship: The role of self-perception and attachment orientations. Journal of School Psychology International, 35(2) 206–220.
Schmeichel, B. J., Gailliot, M. T., Filardo, E. A., McGregor, I., Gitter, S., & Baumeister, R. F. (2009). Terror management theory and self-esteem revisited: the roles of implicit and explicit self-esteem in mortality salience effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1077–1087.
Schuengel, C., Voorman, J., Stolk, J., Dallmeijer, A., Vermeer, A., & Becher, J. (2006). Self-worth, perceived competence, and behaviour problems in children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Disability and Rehabilitation, 28(20), 1251-1258.
Shahim, S. (2004). Self-perception of competence by Iranian children. Journal of Psychological Reports, 94(3), 872-876.
Shen, F., Liu, Y., & Brat, M. (2021). Attachment, self-esteem, and psychological distress: A multiple-mediator model. Journal of The Professional Counselor, 11(2), 129-142.
Soleimani, H., Bashash, L., & Latifiyan, M. (2014). Psychometric properties of the kinship center attachment questionnaire (KCAQ) of latency-aged for children. Journal of Psychological Models and Methods,4(16), 41-63.
Tian, L., Liu, L., & Shan, N. (2018). Parent–Child Relationships and Resilience Among Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem. Journal of Frontiers in Psycholog, 9, 1-18.
Wu, C. H. (2009). The relationship between attachment style and self-concept clarity: The mediation effect of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Individual Differences, 47(1), 42-46.
