میزان درگیری فعال دانش‌آموزان پایه ششم ابتدایی با محتوای کتب جدید التألیف علوم و ریاضی
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی
مرضیه دهقانی
1
(استادیار، دانشکده روان شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران)
حمیده پاک مهر
2
(دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی رشته برنامه درسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران)
کلید واژه: تکنیک ویلیام رومی, یادگیری فعال, برنامه درسی, تحلیل محتوا,
چکیده مقاله :
پژوهش حاضر، با هدف تعیین میزان درگیری فعال فراگیران با کتب علوم و ریاضی پایه ششم دبستان صورت گرفت. روش، تحلیل محتوا به تکنیک ویلیام رومی بر اساس ضریب درگیری دانش‌آموزان در سه مؤلفه متن، پرسش‌ها و تصاویر بود. جامعه آماری محتوای کتاب‌های علوم و ریاضی پایه ششم ابتدایی است که به صورت سرشماری تمام محتوای متون، پرسش‌ها و تصاویر دو کتاب جدید التالیف چاپ 92-91 مورد تحلیل محتوا (ویلیام رومی) قرار گرفت. نتایج حاکی از این بود که در کتاب علوم (از 320 واحد متن، 100 واحد پرسش و 140 واحد تصویر) شاخص درگیری دانش آموزان با متن کتاب 84/0، با پرسش‌ها 9 و با تصاویر کتاب 19/0 است. همچنین، در کتاب ریاضی (از 182 واحد متن، 862 واحد پرسش و 97 واحد تصویر) شاخص درگیری با متن کتاب 85/0، با پرسش‌ها 26/13 و با تصاویر کتاب 30/0 حاصل گردید. به عبارتی، متن کتاب علوم و ریاضی این پایه به شیوه فعال تدوین شده است، در حالی که تصاویر این کتب به شیوه غیر فعال نگاشته شده و پرسش‌های ارائه شده نیز به دلیل، فعال بودن بیش از اندازه منجر به خستگی و بی‌حوصلگی دانش آموزان می‌گردد. با عنایت به این که محتوای کتب مذکور در قسمت پرسش‌ها و تصاویر نتوانسته آن چنان که باید دانش‌آموز را به فعالیت، تفکر و تحلیل تشویق نماید، اصلاح و بهبود در طراحی و تدوین این کتب ضروری می‌نماید.
This study seeks to determine the level of students’ active involvement with the sixth grade science and math books. The method is content analysis based on Wiliam Romey technique and according to student involvement in three components as "text", "questions" and "image". The statistical population is consisted of sixth grade science and math books' contents including all texts, questions and images that are contently analyzed based on Wiliam Romey technique. In the analysis of text, questions and images of science book, 320, 100 and 140 units have been studied and rate of students' involvement with text, questions and images are calculated as 0.84, 9 and 0.19, respectively. 182, 862 and 97 units of math book have been studied, too; Students' involvement with text, questions and images are estimated as 0.85, 13.26 and 0.30, respectively. The results show that text of math and science books are actively developed; however, their images are inactive and their questions are over active which would cause students’ fatigue and lack of motion. Since the contents of these two books in the case of questions and images are not successful enough to encourage students to think and analyze well, better design and development seem so essential.
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