اثرات هیومیک اسید و میکوریزا بر ویژگی‌های ریختی و غلظت عناصر غذایی لوبیا قرمز (Vigna radiate L.)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
مجتی یوسفی راد
1
(گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ساوه، ساوه، ایران)
ابوالفضل معصومی زواریان
2
(دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ساوه، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، ساوه، ایران)
کلید واژه: درصد پروتئین, هیومیک اسید, میکوریزا, خصوصیات مورفولوژیک, غلظت عناصر غذایی,
چکیده مقاله :
به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر برهم کنش میکوریزا و هیومیک اسید بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، درصد پروتئین دانه و جذب عناصر غذایی لوبیاقرمز، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتورهای تحقیق شامل قارچ میکوریزا در سه سطح عدم مصرف (شاهد)، استفاده از سویه Glomus intraradice و استفاده از سویه Glomus mossea و همچنین محلول پاشی هیومیک اسید در سه سطح صفر (شاهد)، 15 و 30 میلی گرم در لیتر بود. آزمایش به‌صورت گلدانی اما در شرایط طبیعی و کنترل نشده اجرا شد. صفات اندازه‌گیری شده ارتفاع بوته، طول ریشه، وزن خشک بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن صد دانه، درصد پروتئین دانه و درصد نیتروژن و فسفر برگ بود. کاربرد میکوریزا و هیومیک اسید موجب افزایش صفات اندازه گیری شده به جز تعداد دانه در غلاف و وزن صد دانه شد. در صفات مورد بررسی بین دو سویه اعمال شده اختلاف معنی دار مشاهده نگردید و بین سطوح 15 و 30 میلی گرم در لیتر هیومیک اسید نیز تفاوت معنی دار دیده نشد. به طور کلی محلول پاشی 15 میلی گرم در لیتر هیومیک اسید در حضور Glomus mossea تأثیر بیشتری نسبت به سایر تیمارها داشت.
In order to investigate the effect of interaction of mycorrhiza and humic acid on morphological characteristics, seed protein percentage, and nutrients concentration of red beans, an experiment was conducted as factorial randomized complete block design in three replications. Research factors included mycorrhiza at three levels of control, Glomus intraradice, Glomus mossea, and also foliar application of humic acid at three levels of control, 15, and 30 mg/l. The experiment was conducted as pot and under normal and uncontrolled conditions. Measured traits included plant height, root length, number of plant pods, number of seeds in each pod, 100 seeds weight, seed protein, and nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of leaves. Application of mycorrhiza and humic acid increased measured traits except for the number of seeds in each pod and 100 seeds weight. There was no significant difference between the two strains and also levels of 15 and 30 mg/l humic acid in the studied traits. Generally, foliar application of 15 mg/l humic acid in the presence of mycorrhiza was more effective than other treatments.
Abbott, L.K. and Murphy, D.V. (2007). Soil Biological Fertility: A Key to Sustainable Land Use in Agriculture. Springer.128 p.
Alimadadi, A. Jahansouz, M.R. Besharati, H. and Tavakkol Afshari, R. (2010). Evaluating the effects of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, mycorrhiza `fungi and seed priming on nodulation of chickpea. Iranian Journal of Soil Research (Formerly Soil and Water Sciences). 24(1): 43-53. (In Persian).
Ardakani, M.R., Mazaheri. D., Majd, F. and Normohamadi, Gh. )2002). The study of mycorrhiza and strepomyces efficiency and different levels of phosphorus, on grain yield and some characters of wheat. Iranian Journal of Crop Science. 2(2): 17-27. (In Persian).
Ardakani, M.R. (2009). Ecology. Tehran University Publication, Tehran, Iran. 340 pp. (In Persian).
Autio, J. (2000). Supplementary lighting regimes strongly affect the quantity of gerbera flower yield. Acta Horticulturae. 515: 91-98.
Ayas, H. and Gulser, F. (2005). The effect of sulfur and humic acid on yield components and macronutrient contents of spinach. Journal Bio-science. 5(6): 801-804.
Berta G., Fusconi A. and Hooker J.E. (2002). In: S. Gianinazzi, H. Schuepp, J. M. Barea and K. Haselwandter (Eds). Arbuscular mycorrhizal modifications to plant root systems: scale, mechanisms and consequences. Mycorrhiza Technology in Agriculture, from Genes to Bioproducts. Basel, Switzerland, Birkhauser Verlag. p. 71-85.
Clark, R.B. and Zeto, S.K. (2000). Mineral acquisition by arbuscular mycorrhizal plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 23(7): 867-902.
Dordas, C. and Sioulas, S. (2008). Safflower yield, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and water efficiency response to nitrogen fertilization under rainfed conditions. Crop Production. 27: 78-85.
Dorri, H.R. (2008). Bean Agronomy. Publication Series of Research Center of Bean, Khomein. pp. 46. (In Persian).
Dursun, A., Guvenc, I. and Turan, M. (2002). Effects of different levels of humic acid on seedling growth and macro and micronutrient contents of tomato and egg plant. Acta Agrobotanica. 56: 81-88.
Emami, E. (2002). Plant decomposition methods.. Soil and Water Research Institute. 982:128 p. (In Persian).
Eydizadeh, K., Mahdavi Damghani, A., Sabahi, H. and Soufizadeh, S. (2010). Effects of integrated application of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer on growth of maize (Zea mays L.) in Shoushtar. Agroecology. 2(2): 292-301. (In Persian).
Harper, S.M., Kerven, G.L., Edwards, D.G. and Ostatek-Boczynski, Z. (2000). Characterisation of fulic and humic acids from leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulesis and from decomposed hay. Soil Biochemistry. 32: 1331-1336.
Hayes, M. and Clap, C.E. (2001). Humic substances: consideration of composition, aspect of structure and environment influences. Soil Science. 166: 723-737.
Jahan, M., Sohrabi, R., Doayee, F. and Amiri, M.B. (2013). Effect of super absorbent water application in soil and humic acid foliar application on some agroecological characteristics of bean phaseolus vulgaris L. in mashhad. Journal of Agroecology. 3(2):71-90. (In Persian).
Jiriaie, M. Fateh, E., Aynehband, A. (2014). The consequence of the application of mycorrhiza and azospirillum inoculation on yield and yield components of wheat cultivars. Agroecology Journal. 6(3) :520-528. (In Persian).
Khan, A.G., Kuek, C., Chaudhry, T.M., Khoo, C.S. and Hayes, W.J. (2000). Plants, mycorrhizae and phytochelators in heavy metal contaminated land remediation. Chemosphere. 41: 197-207.
Kumar, S., Verma, A.K., Das, M., Jain, S.K. and Dwivedi, P.D. (2013). Clinical complications of kidney bean (Phseolus vulgaris L.) consumption. Nutrition. 29: 821-827.
Rezvani, M., Afshang, B., Gholizadeh, A. and Zaefarian, F. (2011). Evaluation of mycorrhizal fungus and phosphate rock effectiveness on growth and uptake of phosphorous in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production. 1(2):97-118. (In Persian).
Mohammadi, E., Asghari, H.R. and Gholami, A. (2014). Evaluation the Possibility of Utilization of Biological Fertilizer Mycorrhiza in Phosphorus Supply in Chickpea Cultivation (Cicer arietinum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 11(4):658-665. (In Persian).
Molla, A.H., Shamsuddin, Z.H., Halimi, M.S., Morziah M., and Putech. A.B. (2001). Potential for enhancement of root growth and nodulation of soybean co-inoculated with Azospirillum and Bradyrhizobium in laboratory systems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 33: 457-463.
Moradi, S., Besharati, H., Feizi Asl, V., Nadian, H., Karimi, E. and Golchin, A. (2009). Effect of different levels of humidity, mycorrhiza and Rhizobium in germination, flowering time and morphological traits in chickpea. In: 11th Iranian Soil Science Congress, Gorgan, Iran, 12-15 July. p. 243-244. (In Persian).
Mehraban, A., Normohammadi, Gh., Ardakani, M.R. and Hydari Sharif Abad, H. (2012). Investigation of the roles microorganisms vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi on some characteristics of sorghum cultivars. Journal of Agronomy and Pant Breeding. 8(2):1-9. (In Persian).
Naderi, S., Pizzeghello, D., Muscolo, A. and Vianello, A. (2002). Physiological effects of humic substances on higher plants. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 34: 1527–1536.
Natesan, R., Kandasamy, S., Thiyageshwari, S. and Boopathy, P.M. (2007). Influence of lignite humic acid on the micronutrient availability and yield of blackgram in an alfisol. Science World Journal. 7: 1198-1206.
Peterso, R.L., and Massicotte. H.B. (2004). Exploring structural definitions of mycorrhizas, with emphasis on nutrient-exchange interfaces. Canadian Journal of Botany-Revue Canadienne De Botanique. 82(8): 1074-1088.
Pezeshkpour, P., Ardakani, M.R., Paknejad, F. and Vazan, S. (2015). Effects of Vermicompost, microorganisms mycorrhiza and phosphate biofertilizer on morphological characteristic and seed protein percentage of chickpea in the autumn plantation. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology. 7(22):190-204. (In Persian).
Pormousavi, M., Galavi, M., Danshiyan, J., Ghanbari, A. and Basirani. N. (2007). Effects of drought stress and manure on leaf relative water content, cell membrane stability and leaf chlorophyll content in soybean (Glycine max). Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences. 60: 125-134. (In Persian).
Puglisi, E., Fragoulis, G., Ricciuti, P., Cappa, F., Spaccini, R., Piccolo, A., Trevisan, M. and Crecchio, C., (2009). Effects of a humic acid and its size-fractions on the bacterial community of soil rhizsphere under maize (Zea mays L.). Chemosphere. 77: 829-837.
Rajabzadeh Motlagh, F. (2011). Evaluation application of arbuscular mycorrhiza, nitrogen fixing bacteria and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield component of Phaseolus vulgaris. MSc Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Iran. (In Persian).
Rezazadeh, H., Khrasani, S.K. and Haghighi, R.S.A. (2012). Effects of humic acid on decrease of phosphorus usage in forage maize var. KSC704 (Zea mays L.). Australian Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 3: 34-38.
Rezvani, M., Ardekani, M.R., Rajaei, F., Normohammadi, Gh., Zafarani, F. and Teimori, S. (2009).Effect of different strains of mycorrhizal fungus on some root traits in Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. Agroecology Journal. 5(2):55-66. (In Persian).
Samavat, S. and Malakuti, M. 2005. Samavat, S., and Malakooti, M. (2006). Important use of organic acid (humic and fulvic) for increase quantity and quality agriculture productions. Water and Soil Researchers Technical. 463: 1-13
Schreiner, R.P., Mihara, K.L., Mc Daniel, K.L. and Benthlenfalvay, G.J. (2003). Mycorrhizal fungi influence plant and soil functions and interactions. Plant and Soil. 188: 199-209.
Sebzevari, S. and Khazaei, H.R. (2009). The effects of different levels foliar spray of humic acid on growth characteristics yield and yield components of wheat pishtaz figure. Agroecology Journal. 1(2): 53-56. (In Persian).
Sharif, M., Khattak, R.A. and Sarir, M.S. (2002). Effect of different levels of lignitic cool derived humic acid on growth of maize plants. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 33: 3567-3580.
Shenoy, V.V. and Kalagudi, G.M. (2005). Enhancing plant phosphorus use efficiency for sustainable cropping. Biotechnology Advances. 23: 501-513.
Smith, S.M., Smith, F.A. and Jacobsen, I. (2003). Mycorrhizal fungi can dominate phosphate supply to plant irrespective of growth responses. Plant Physiology. 133: 16-20.
Smith, S.E. and Read, D.J. (2008). Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. third ed. Academic Press, London, UK.
Soltani, A., K.Khavazi, H., Asadi- Rahmani, M., Omidvari, P., Abaszadeh, and Mirhoseyni, H. (2010). Plant growth promoting characteristics in some Flavobacterium spp. isolated from soils of Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science. 2(4): 106 -115.
Tahir M.M, Khurshid M, Khan M.Z, Abbasi M.K. and Kazmi M.H. (2011). Lignite- derived humic acid effect on growth of wheat plants in different soils. Pedosphere. 21: 124-131.
Turk, M.A., Assaf, T.A., Hameed, K.M. and Tawaha. A.M. (2006). Significance of Mycorrhizae. World Journal Agriculture Science. 2(1): 16-20.
Verlinden, G., Coussens, T., De Vliegher, A. and Baert, G. (2010). Effect of humic substances on nutrient uptake by herbage and on production and nutritive value of herbage from sown grass pastures. Grass and Forage Science. 65: 133-144.
Wani, I.A., Sogi, D.S., Wani, A.A. and Gill, B.S. (2013). Physico-chemical and functional properties of flours from Indian kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars. LWT-Food Science and Technology. 53: 278-284.
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Abbott, L.K. and Murphy, D.V. (2007). Soil Biological Fertility: A Key to Sustainable Land Use in Agriculture. Springer.128 p.
Alimadadi, A. Jahansouz, M.R. Besharati, H. and Tavakkol Afshari, R. (2010). Evaluating the effects of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, mycorrhiza `fungi and seed priming on nodulation of chickpea. Iranian Journal of Soil Research (Formerly Soil and Water Sciences). 24(1): 43-53. (In Persian).
Ardakani, M.R., Mazaheri. D., Majd, F. and Normohamadi, Gh. )2002). The study of mycorrhiza and strepomyces efficiency and different levels of phosphorus, on grain yield and some characters of wheat. Iranian Journal of Crop Science. 2(2): 17-27. (In Persian).
Ardakani, M.R. (2009). Ecology. Tehran University Publication, Tehran, Iran. 340 pp. (In Persian).
Autio, J. (2000). Supplementary lighting regimes strongly affect the quantity of gerbera flower yield. Acta Horticulturae. 515: 91-98.
Ayas, H. and Gulser, F. (2005). The effect of sulfur and humic acid on yield components and macronutrient contents of spinach. Journal Bio-science. 5(6): 801-804.
Berta G., Fusconi A. and Hooker J.E. (2002). In: S. Gianinazzi, H. Schuepp, J. M. Barea and K. Haselwandter (Eds). Arbuscular mycorrhizal modifications to plant root systems: scale, mechanisms and consequences. Mycorrhiza Technology in Agriculture, from Genes to Bioproducts. Basel, Switzerland, Birkhauser Verlag. p. 71-85.
Clark, R.B. and Zeto, S.K. (2000). Mineral acquisition by arbuscular mycorrhizal plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 23(7): 867-902.
Dordas, C. and Sioulas, S. (2008). Safflower yield, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and water efficiency response to nitrogen fertilization under rainfed conditions. Crop Production. 27: 78-85.
Dorri, H.R. (2008). Bean Agronomy. Publication Series of Research Center of Bean, Khomein. pp. 46. (In Persian).
Dursun, A., Guvenc, I. and Turan, M. (2002). Effects of different levels of humic acid on seedling growth and macro and micronutrient contents of tomato and egg plant. Acta Agrobotanica. 56: 81-88.
Emami, E. (2002). Plant decomposition methods.. Soil and Water Research Institute. 982:128 p. (In Persian).
Eydizadeh, K., Mahdavi Damghani, A., Sabahi, H. and Soufizadeh, S. (2010). Effects of integrated application of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer on growth of maize (Zea mays L.) in Shoushtar. Agroecology. 2(2): 292-301. (In Persian).
Harper, S.M., Kerven, G.L., Edwards, D.G. and Ostatek-Boczynski, Z. (2000). Characterisation of fulic and humic acids from leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulesis and from decomposed hay. Soil Biochemistry. 32: 1331-1336.
Hayes, M. and Clap, C.E. (2001). Humic substances: consideration of composition, aspect of structure and environment influences. Soil Science. 166: 723-737.
Jahan, M., Sohrabi, R., Doayee, F. and Amiri, M.B. (2013). Effect of super absorbent water application in soil and humic acid foliar application on some agroecological characteristics of bean phaseolus vulgaris L. in mashhad. Journal of Agroecology. 3(2):71-90. (In Persian).
Jiriaie, M. Fateh, E., Aynehband, A. (2014). The consequence of the application of mycorrhiza and azospirillum inoculation on yield and yield components of wheat cultivars. Agroecology Journal. 6(3) :520-528. (In Persian).
Khan, A.G., Kuek, C., Chaudhry, T.M., Khoo, C.S. and Hayes, W.J. (2000). Plants, mycorrhizae and phytochelators in heavy metal contaminated land remediation. Chemosphere. 41: 197-207.
Kumar, S., Verma, A.K., Das, M., Jain, S.K. and Dwivedi, P.D. (2013). Clinical complications of kidney bean (Phseolus vulgaris L.) consumption. Nutrition. 29: 821-827.
Rezvani, M., Afshang, B., Gholizadeh, A. and Zaefarian, F. (2011). Evaluation of mycorrhizal fungus and phosphate rock effectiveness on growth and uptake of phosphorous in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production. 1(2):97-118. (In Persian).
Mohammadi, E., Asghari, H.R. and Gholami, A. (2014). Evaluation the Possibility of Utilization of Biological Fertilizer Mycorrhiza in Phosphorus Supply in Chickpea Cultivation (Cicer arietinum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 11(4):658-665. (In Persian).
Molla, A.H., Shamsuddin, Z.H., Halimi, M.S., Morziah M., and Putech. A.B. (2001). Potential for enhancement of root growth and nodulation of soybean co-inoculated with Azospirillum and Bradyrhizobium in laboratory systems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 33: 457-463.
Moradi, S., Besharati, H., Feizi Asl, V., Nadian, H., Karimi, E. and Golchin, A. (2009). Effect of different levels of humidity, mycorrhiza and Rhizobium in germination, flowering time and morphological traits in chickpea. In: 11th Iranian Soil Science Congress, Gorgan, Iran, 12-15 July. p. 243-244. (In Persian).
Mehraban, A., Normohammadi, Gh., Ardakani, M.R. and Hydari Sharif Abad, H. (2012). Investigation of the roles microorganisms vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi on some characteristics of sorghum cultivars. Journal of Agronomy and Pant Breeding. 8(2):1-9. (In Persian).
Naderi, S., Pizzeghello, D., Muscolo, A. and Vianello, A. (2002). Physiological effects of humic substances on higher plants. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 34: 1527–1536.
Natesan, R., Kandasamy, S., Thiyageshwari, S. and Boopathy, P.M. (2007). Influence of lignite humic acid on the micronutrient availability and yield of blackgram in an alfisol. Science World Journal. 7: 1198-1206.
Peterso, R.L., and Massicotte. H.B. (2004). Exploring structural definitions of mycorrhizas, with emphasis on nutrient-exchange interfaces. Canadian Journal of Botany-Revue Canadienne De Botanique. 82(8): 1074-1088.
Pezeshkpour, P., Ardakani, M.R., Paknejad, F. and Vazan, S. (2015). Effects of Vermicompost, microorganisms mycorrhiza and phosphate biofertilizer on morphological characteristic and seed protein percentage of chickpea in the autumn plantation. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology. 7(22):190-204. (In Persian).
Pormousavi, M., Galavi, M., Danshiyan, J., Ghanbari, A. and Basirani. N. (2007). Effects of drought stress and manure on leaf relative water content, cell membrane stability and leaf chlorophyll content in soybean (Glycine max). Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences. 60: 125-134. (In Persian).
Puglisi, E., Fragoulis, G., Ricciuti, P., Cappa, F., Spaccini, R., Piccolo, A., Trevisan, M. and Crecchio, C., (2009). Effects of a humic acid and its size-fractions on the bacterial community of soil rhizsphere under maize (Zea mays L.). Chemosphere. 77: 829-837.
Rajabzadeh Motlagh, F. (2011). Evaluation application of arbuscular mycorrhiza, nitrogen fixing bacteria and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield component of Phaseolus vulgaris. MSc Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Iran. (In Persian).
Rezazadeh, H., Khrasani, S.K. and Haghighi, R.S.A. (2012). Effects of humic acid on decrease of phosphorus usage in forage maize var. KSC704 (Zea mays L.). Australian Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 3: 34-38.
Rezvani, M., Ardekani, M.R., Rajaei, F., Normohammadi, Gh., Zafarani, F. and Teimori, S. (2009).Effect of different strains of mycorrhizal fungus on some root traits in Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. Agroecology Journal. 5(2):55-66. (In Persian).
Samavat, S. and Malakuti, M. 2005. Samavat, S., and Malakooti, M. (2006). Important use of organic acid (humic and fulvic) for increase quantity and quality agriculture productions. Water and Soil Researchers Technical. 463: 1-13
Schreiner, R.P., Mihara, K.L., Mc Daniel, K.L. and Benthlenfalvay, G.J. (2003). Mycorrhizal fungi influence plant and soil functions and interactions. Plant and Soil. 188: 199-209.
Sebzevari, S. and Khazaei, H.R. (2009). The effects of different levels foliar spray of humic acid on growth characteristics yield and yield components of wheat pishtaz figure. Agroecology Journal. 1(2): 53-56. (In Persian).
Sharif, M., Khattak, R.A. and Sarir, M.S. (2002). Effect of different levels of lignitic cool derived humic acid on growth of maize plants. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 33: 3567-3580.
Shenoy, V.V. and Kalagudi, G.M. (2005). Enhancing plant phosphorus use efficiency for sustainable cropping. Biotechnology Advances. 23: 501-513.
Smith, S.M., Smith, F.A. and Jacobsen, I. (2003). Mycorrhizal fungi can dominate phosphate supply to plant irrespective of growth responses. Plant Physiology. 133: 16-20.
Smith, S.E. and Read, D.J. (2008). Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. third ed. Academic Press, London, UK.
Soltani, A., K.Khavazi, H., Asadi- Rahmani, M., Omidvari, P., Abaszadeh, and Mirhoseyni, H. (2010). Plant growth promoting characteristics in some Flavobacterium spp. isolated from soils of Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science. 2(4): 106 -115.
Tahir M.M, Khurshid M, Khan M.Z, Abbasi M.K. and Kazmi M.H. (2011). Lignite- derived humic acid effect on growth of wheat plants in different soils. Pedosphere. 21: 124-131.
Turk, M.A., Assaf, T.A., Hameed, K.M. and Tawaha. A.M. (2006). Significance of Mycorrhizae. World Journal Agriculture Science. 2(1): 16-20.
Verlinden, G., Coussens, T., De Vliegher, A. and Baert, G. (2010). Effect of humic substances on nutrient uptake by herbage and on production and nutritive value of herbage from sown grass pastures. Grass and Forage Science. 65: 133-144.
Wani, I.A., Sogi, D.S., Wani, A.A. and Gill, B.S. (2013). Physico-chemical and functional properties of flours from Indian kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars. LWT-Food Science and Technology. 53: 278-284.
